第一句
IT WAS A BITTER WINTER. The stormy weather was followed by sleet and snow, and then by a hard frost which did not break till well into February.
这是一个严酷的寒冬。风暴天气刚过去，又下起了雨夹雪，接着又是大雪。然后是一场严重的霜冻，直到二月份才见缓和。
sleet
1.N-UNCOUNT 不可数名词雨夹雪;雨夹雹;冻雨 Sleet is rain that is partly frozen.
...blinding snow, driving sleet and wind.
漫天大雪、猛烈的冻雨和大风
the envious human beings would rejoice and triumph if the mill were not finished on time.
如果风车不能按时完工，那些嫉妒的人便会幸灾乐祸。
For a long time the quarry was full of snowdrifts and nothing could be done.
但在相当长的一段时间里，采石场积雪成堆，无法干活。
snowdrift
1.N-COUNT 可数名词(被风吹聚成的)雪堆 A snowdrift is a deep pile of snow formed by the wind.
Only Boxer and Clover never lost heart.
只有布克瑟和克莱弗还斗志昂扬。
第二句
In January food fell short. The corn ration was drastically reduced, and it was announced that an extra potato ration would be issued to make up for it.
一月份，食物开始短缺。谷物配给骤减，不过有通知说要配给额外的土豆来弥补。
drastically adv. 大大地;彻底地;激烈地
drastic 剧烈的
dra=perform ( 表演)
drastic 剧烈的
drama 戏剧
The potatoes had become soft and discoloured, and only a few were edible.
土豆开始变软，失色，只有一小部分还可以吃。
edible a 可吃的,食用的(ed ible能够…..的)
cd=eat表示”吃”
edible a 可吃的,食用的(ed ible能够…..的)
inedible a 不可吃的(in不=edible)
edacious a 贪吃的(ed acious多…的)
edacity n 贪吃,狼吞虎咽(ed acity表示多的状态)
For days at a time the animals had nothing to eat but chaff and mangels.Starvation seemed to stare them in the face.
有一段时间动物们只能靠吃糠麸和甜菜度日。饥荒似乎就要降临。
It was vitally necessary to conceal this fact from the outside world. Emboldened by the collapse of the windmill, the human beings were inventing fresh lies about Animal Farm.
对外界隐瞒这一事情是极其必要的。风车的倒塌让人们有了底气，他们针对动物庄园捏造出了一些新的谎言。
embolden 使勇敢
→em-, 进入，使。bold, 勇敢。
第三句
Once again it was being put about that all the animals were dying of famine and disease, and that they were continually fighting among themselves and had resorted to cannibalism and infanticide.
他们再次散布谣言说，动物们正因为饥荒和疾病而挣扎在死亡边缘，他们无休止地争斗，已经到了同类相食和吞食幼崽的地步。
infanticide *婴罪
→infant,婴儿，-cid,*，词源同herbicide,homicide.
Hitherto the animals had had little or no contact with Whymper on his weekly visits.
迄今为止，温伯尔每周光顾时，动物与他几乎都没什么接触。
hitherto ★☆☆☆☆
1.ADV 副词 迄今;到目前为止
【搭配模式】：ADV after v
【语域标签】：FORMAL 正式
He was deceived, and continued to report to the outside world that there was no food shortage on Animal Farm.
这招果然奏效，温伯尔不断地向外界传达说，动物庄园根本不缺粮食。
When he did emerge it was in a ceremonial manner, with an escort of six dogs who closely surrounded him and growled if anyone came too near.
当他出现的时候，也会是一种仪式感很强的方式，六条狗簇拥在他四周，如果谁走得太近，他们便发出恶吼。
escort n. 陪同；护送者；护航舰；护卫队
vt. 护送；陪同；为…护航
One Sunday morning Squealer announced that the hens, who had just come in to lay again, must surrender their eggs.
一个星期天早晨，斯奎拉宣布，所有要开始下蛋的鸡必须上交他们的鸡蛋。
surrender
3.VERB 动词交出，出示(票证、护照等) If you surrender something such as a ticket or your passport, you give it to someone in authority when they ask you to.
【语法信息】：V n
【语域标签】：FORMAL 正式
They have been ordered to surrender their passports.
他们被要求出示护照。
第四句
When the hens heard this they raised a terrible outcry.
鸡听到这话，爆发出一阵强烈的抗议。
outcry ★☆☆☆☆
1.N-VAR 可变名词强烈的抗议（或反对）
They were just getting their clutches ready for the spring sitting, and they protested that to take the eggs away now was murder.
她们刚准备好春季用来孵小鸡的蛋，因此抗议道，此时把蛋拿走无异于谋*。
clutch
4.N-COUNT 可数名词 一窝(蛋) A clutch of eggs is a number of eggs laid by a bird at one time.
【搭配模式】：oft N of n
...the second clutch of eggs.
第二窝蛋
Led by three young Black Minorca pullets, the hens made a determined effort to thwart Napoleon’s
在三只年轻的黑色米诺卡鸡的带领下，她们决定尽全力去挫败拿破仑的计划。
pullet n. (尤其指不到一年的)小母鸡
thwart
vt. 横过；反对；阻碍；挫败
adj. 横放的；固执的
n. 划手座；独木舟的横梁
adv. 横过
prep. 横过
Napoleon acted swiftly and ruthlessly.He ordered the hens’ rations to be stopped, and decreed that any animal giving so much as a grain of corn to a hen should be punished by death.
。拿破仑立即采取了强硬措施。他下令停止向鸡供应口粮，同时颁布法令，任何动物，只要给鸡提供哪怕一粒粮食，都将被处以死刑。
decree
n. 法令；判决
vt. 颁布；命令；判决；注定
vi. 发布命令；注定
For five days the hens held out, then they capitulated and went back to their nesting boxes
僵持五天之后，鸡投降了，回到了她们的窝里。
capitulate ★☆☆☆☆
1.VERB 动词不再反抗;屈服
capitulate(有条件)投降(capit ulate表示动词=头低下=投降)
cap, cipit=head,表示”头”
capital首要的,首都,资本(capit al=头的=首要的=首都)
captain首领,船长
cape海角,岬
capitulate(有条件)投降(capit ulate表示动词=头低下=投降)
precipice悬崖(pre前 cipice头=前面是尽头=悬崖)
precipitate加速,促进,
第五句
Whymper heard nothing of this affair, and the eggs were duly delivered, a grocer’s van driving up to the farm once a week to take them away.
温伯尔对此事并不知情，鸡蛋按时足量交付，每周都会来一辆食品店的车，把鸡蛋拉走。
It happened that there was in the yard a pile of timber which had been stacked there ten years earlier when a beech spinney was cleared.
巧院子里有一堆木材，十年前在清理一片山毛榉树丛的时候就堆在了那里。
timber
n. 木料, 木材,树木, 横梁
Suddenly, early in the spring, an alarming thing was discovered. Snowball was secretly frequenting the farm by night!
在初春时节，突然发现一件令人震惊的事情。斯诺鲍经常在晚上秘密潜入庄园。
frequent adj. 时常发生的；频繁的；惯常的
vt. 常到，常去；时常出入于
He stole the corn, he upset the milk-pails, he broke the eggs, he trampled the seed-beds, he gnawed the bark off the fruit trees.
他偷走谷物，打翻奶桶，打碎鸡蛋，践踏苗床，咬掉果树的树皮。
gnaw
vt. & vi. 咬, 啃
(使)苦恼;折磨
(长时间) 折磨某人
(长时间)危害某事物
The rats, which had been troublesome that winter, were also said to be in league with Snowball.
那些在曾在冬天给他们带来麻烦的老鼠，也被说成是斯诺鲍的党羽。
league
n. 联盟；社团；范畴
vt. 使…结盟；与…联合
vi. 结盟；团结
第六句
He would put his snout to the ground, give several deep sniffs and exclaim in a terrible voice, ‘Snowball! He has been here! I can smell him distinctly!’and at the word ‘Snowball’ all the dogs let out blood-curdling growls and showed their side teeth.
每到一处，他就把鼻头伸到地上，深深嗅几下，然后便用一种可怕的声音叫道：“斯诺鲍！他来过这儿！我能很清楚的闻到！”，“斯诺鲍”三个字一说出口，所有的狗都龇牙咧嘴地发出令人生畏的咆哮。
snout n. 鼻子；猪嘴；烟草；鼻口部；口吻状物
curdle vi. 凝固 vt. 使凝结
第七句
The animals were thoroughly frightened. It seemed to them as though Snowball were some kind of invisible influence, pervading the air about them and menacing them with all kinds of dangers.
动物们彻底吓坏了。斯诺鲍就像一个看不见的阴影，笼罩在他们周围，用各种危险的手段威胁着他们。
pervade ★☆☆☆☆
1.VERB 动词贯穿；弥漫；渗透 If something pervades a place or thing, it is a noticeable feature throughout it.
【语域标签】：FORMAL 正式
The smell of sawdust and glue pervaded the factory...
工厂里弥漫着锯屑和胶水的气味
pervade v 蔓延,普及(per全部 vad e走=全部走遍=蔓延)
uad uas = go,表示”走”
evade v 逃避,偷税(e出 vade=走出去=逃避)
evasion n 逃避,借口(e vas ion)
evasive a 逃避的(e vas ive)
invade v 侵略(in进 vad 走=走进去=侵略)
invasion n 侵略
pervade v 蔓延,普及(per全部 vad e走=全部走遍=蔓延)
pervasion n 蔓延,弥漫
pervasive a 普及的,渗透的
menacing
adj. 险恶的；威胁的
v. 恐吓；威胁（menace的ing形式）
We had thought that Snowball’s rebellion was caused simply by his vanity and ambition.
更加糟糕的是，我们曾经以为斯诺鲍造反是因为他的虚荣和野心。
The animals were stupefied. This was a wickedness far outdoing Snowball’s destruction of the windmill.
动物们听得目瞪口呆。比起斯诺鲍毁坏风车，现在说的这一恶行要严重得多。
stupefy 使震惊，使神志不清
→来自拉丁语 stupere,震惊，困惑，词源同 stupid.-fy,使。 stupefying 神志不清的
They all remembered, or thought they remembered, how they had seen Snowball charging ahead of them at the Battle of the Cowshed, how he had rallied and encouraged them at every turn, and how he had not paused for an instant even when the pellets from Jones’s gun had wounded his back.
他们都记得，或者是认为自己记得，他们曾看到，在牛棚大战中，斯诺鲍曾冲在最前面，在每一轮攻势之前都是他在重整旗鼓，即使子弹擦过他的脊背，他也从未退缩。
‘Jones’s shot only grazed him.
琼斯的子弹只不过擦伤他的皮而已。
And do you not remember, too, that it was just at that moment, when panic was spreading and all seemed lost, that Comrade Napoleon sprang forward with a cry of “Death to Humanity!” and sank his teeth in Jones’s leg? Surely you remember that, comrades?’ exclaimed Squealer, frisking from side to side.
你们不记得，就是在那个弥漫着恐慌，千钧一发的时刻，拿破仑突然冲上前去，大喝一声‘人类灭亡’，随即就咬住了琼斯的腿？你们肯定记得这些吧，同志们？”斯奎拉一边大声叫着，一边左蹦右跳。
Humanity n. 人类；人道；仁慈；人文学科
exclaim ★☆☆☆☆
1.VERB 动词（由于激动、震惊、愤怒等）突然呼喊，惊叫，大声喊
frisk
vi. 蹦跳；欢跃
n. 搜身；快乐；蹦跳；快乐的时刻
vt. 轻摇
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