前言
丹系猪以高产著名于世，但由于猪场建设、饲养管理等诸多方面的挑战，让丹系猪在中国的生产性能未能达到预期，但丹系种猪在中国养猪业的受青睐程度仍越来越高。猪译馆特收集整理了一系列丹育相关资料，目前正在转载当时丹麦养猪研究中心制作的《丹系猪饲喂管理指南》，敬请关注。
译者的话
丹系猪的饲料
质量与饮水是丹系猪高产、稳产和获得最大经济效益的前提。顺便推荐给学习专业英语的爱好者，这是不可多得的学习资料。这也是一份做猪场操作标准流程SOP的很好的资料。
7.饲料的质量
Quality of Feed
饲料的品质
QUALITY OF FEED
确保饲料原料的品质且不含毒素等有害物质。一般情况下，饲料质量差会降低猪的生长性能、繁殖性能和健康。
It is important that the feed used for feeding of pigs is of a good quality and is not containing undesired substances such as toxins. Feed of a poor quality may have a negative effect on growth, reproduction and health in general.
当饲料中的水分含量达到20-25%，饲料中的霉菌（0-60o C可生长）就会产生毒素。正常情况下，密封储藏的每克较好品质的谷物饲料中含有1,000-5,000个霉菌。非密封储藏情况下，每克谷物中霉菌含量为10,000个。根据经验，在较好品质的谷物中（密封储藏）可能含有10-15%被镰刀霉菌污染。以上提到的正常值仅为参考值，饲料中霉菌的含量即使低于参考值都有可能发生中毒现象。Toxins in feed are created primarily by hyphomycetes that grow at 0-60℃, when the feed has a content of water of 20-25%. Normally, 1,000-50,000 moulds per g are found in healthy grain (not gas-proof). Normally, 10,000 moulds per g are found in grain with gas-proof storage. For fusarium the rule of thumb is that healthy grain (not gas-proof) may have up to 10-15% infected seeds. The normal values mentioned are only a guideline, as problems with toxins in the feed may occur at even lower values.
饲料/原料在收获、储藏或者加工后的储藏都会产生毒素。如果怀疑饲料有毒素，建议进行检验分析。
Toxins can be created before harvest, during storage or after manufacturing of the feed. Where the presence of toxins is suspected, it is recommended to have an analysis made.
饮水
WATER
正常的饮水供应很重要，因为猪缺水将会导致采食量减少、泌乳量降低，还会发生腹泻和脱水。
根据各种不同的条件调整饮水供应，例如根据猪的健康状态、饲料的组成、猪的大小和温度。在气温较高时，猪需要更多饮水来调整体温。饲料中的电解质含量较高时，猪也需要较多饮水。表15说明了不同阶段的猪对饮水的需要量。
The water supply should be adjusted to variousconditions such as the state of health of the animal, thecomposition of the feed, the size of the animal and thetemperature. In hot periods the pigs will need more water which also helps to regulate the body temperature. Feedwith a high content of electrolytes will also result in ahigher need for water. Table 15 shows the water need of the various animal groups.
表17:猪的饮水需要
Table 17: Water need of pigs.
母猪饮水较多，主要原因是胎儿的生长发育和泌乳。哺乳母猪的饮水需求量因哺乳仔猪数量的多少而变化。
Sows have a particularly high water need because of embryo and milk production. The water need of nursing sows also varies according to the number of suckling pigs for which milk must be produced.
在发生疾病诸如腹泻时，猪对饮水的需要明显增加，是因为大量的饮水直接通过肠道随粪便排出。因大量失水和盐分损失就容易发生脱水。这种情况下，应该供应热的饮水甚至供应含电解质的饮水。
The water need is significantly higher during periods of disease such as diarrhoea, as a large volume of water passes directly through the intestines and out with the manure. Thus there is a risk of dehydration because a large volume of water and salt is lost. Therefore, plenty of warmed water and if possible also an electrolyte mix should be available.
猪饲料单位（FUs） 到MJ ME基本换算
BASIC CALCULATION FROM FUs TO MJ ME
1猪营养单位=12.5兆焦代谢能=13兆焦消化能、含有87%干物质的标准饲料
（1cal=4,186 J）
1 FUs (feed unit for pigs)= 12,5 MJ ME(metabolic energy)=13 MJDE(Digestible Energy) in a standard feed with 87% dry matter.
温馨提示：
1. 本文由猪译馆猪译官钱金花翻译，冯咨翔编辑，猪译馆享有中文版权，如需转载，请联系我们。
