《终结者2》里那个T-1000液态金属机器人就快被造出来了

《终结者2》里那个T-1000液态金属机器人就快被造出来了

首页动作格斗金属机器人2更新时间:2024-05-09

大家好,我是“非正常人类工作室”的作者老李。我将把全球最新学术期刊上的文章分享给大家。英文原文中,老李标注了一些重要词汇的汉语释义。同时奉上的还有老李自己翻译的版本。

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New material(材料)could be used to make a liquid(液体) metal(金属) robot

A liquid metal lattice(格子) that can be crushed(挤压变形) but returns to its original(原来的) shape on heating has been developed by Pu Zhang and colleagues at Binghamton University(宾汉姆顿大学) in the US.

The material is held together by a silicone(硅酮)shell and could find myriad(各种各样的) uses including soft robotics(机器人科学), foldable(可折叠的)antennas(天线) and aerospace(航空航天) engineering. Indeed, the research could even lead to the creation of a liquid metal robot evoking(引起、唤起记忆或形象)the T-1000 character in the film Terminator 2(终结者2).

The team created the liquid metal lattice using a special mixture of bismuth(铋), indium(铟) and tin(锡) known as Field’s alloy(合金). This alloy has the relatively(相当地) unusual property(财产) of melting at just 62°C, which means it can be liquefied(液化) with just hot water. Field’s alloy already has several applications(用途) – including as a liquid-metal coolant(冷却剂) for advanced nuclear reactors.

Zhang and colleagues combined(结合) the alloy with a silicone shell through a complex hybrid(混合的) manufacturing process that combines 3D printing, vacuum (真空的)casting(铸造) and so-called “conformal coating(敷形涂覆)” – a technique normally used to coat circuit(电路) boards(板) in a thin polymer(聚合物) layer to protect them against the environment. The silicone shell is what allows the lattice to “remember” a desired(渴望、期望) shape and restore such when the alloy is melted.

“Without the shell, it won’t work, because the liquid metal will flow away,” Zhang said. “The shell skeleton(骨架) controls the overall shape and integrity(完整性), so the liquid metal itself can be confined in the channels.”

To illustrate(阐明) the potential(潜力) of the lattice technology, Zhang and colleagues made several demonstration(示范) structures – including honeycombs, the letters BUME (for Binghamton University mechanical engineering), a spider web-like mesh(网状物) and a lattice in the shape of a human hand. When crushed and reheated, all eerily(奇异地) return to their original shape.

When solid, Field’s alloy is very strong and stable and is far stiffer(硬) than most shape-memory polymers, according to Zhang. A crucial(关键性的) benefit of the new material is that an object can easily be crushed down into a much smaller spaces for transport or storage before being restored to its usual shape.

The researchers think this would make the material ideal(完美的、理想的) for use in space missions, where it could be used to make antennas or building superstructures(上部结构) that could packed tightly on spacecraft ship and then expanded(扩张) on arrival on the Moon or another planet.

“There’s been growing interest in machines and structures that can change their shape, stiffness(硬度), and ability to bear load.These architectures(体系结构) have potential use in emerging(新兴的)applications(应用) like soft robots that mimic(模仿) biological(生物的) organisms, wearable computing systems that can conform(顺从、相吻合) to the body’s natural motion, or wearable robotics that can assist in human motor tasks,” says Carmel Majidi, a mechanical engineer from the Carnegie Mellon University.

Zhang also has another goal in mind. “Our dream is to build a liquid metal robot,” he said. “Now we have a hand, so we’re one step further.

(source:《Physics World》)


老李的译文

新材料可用于制造液态金属机器人

美国宾汉姆顿大学的Pu Zhang和他的同事开发了一种液态金属晶格。这种晶格在挤压变形后,用加热的方式就可以恢复原状。这种材料通过硅酮外壳连接在一起,可以用于各种各样的用途,比如柔软的机器人、可折叠天线和航空航天工程。事实上,这项研究甚至可能导致液态金属机器人的诞生,就像《终结者2》中的T-1000那样。

研究小组用菲尔德合金制作出了液态金属晶格。由铋、铟和锡组成的菲尔德合金,具有相当不寻常的特性,那就是62摄氏度时就会熔化,这意味着只需要热水就可以让它液化。菲尔德合金目前用途广泛,包括作为核反应堆的液态金属冷却剂。

张和他的同事们用一种复杂的混合制造工艺将菲尔德合金和硅酮外壳结合在一起。这种复杂的工艺结合了3D打印、真空铸造和“敷形涂覆”技术。敷形涂覆技术通常用于在电路板表面覆盖一层薄薄的聚合物,以使其免受环境破坏。硅树脂外壳则可以让晶格“记住”所需的形状并在熔化时恢复成这种形状。

张说,“如果没有外壳,液态金属就会流走,晶格也就无法起作用。外壳骨架控制着整体的形状和完整性,液态金属才能被限定在晶格内部通道内运动。”

为了阐明这种晶格技术的潜力,张和他的同事们制作了几个演示物品——-包括蜂巢、字母 BUME (宾汉顿大学机械工程的缩写)、蜘蛛网和一只人手。当演示物品变形并重新加热后,所有物品都神奇地恢复了原状。

菲尔德合金在固态时非常坚固稳定,而且硬度比大多数形状记忆聚合物要大得多。最关键的是,这种新材料有一个天大的好处:在恢复原状前,可以被轻易压缩体积以便于运输或储存。研究人员认为,这将使这种材料成为太空任务的理想材料,可用于制造天线或超级构件。它们可以在飞船上进行致密包装,到达月球或其他行星时再展开即可。

“人们对能够变形、有硬度和承载能力的机器和结构越来越感兴趣。这些体系结构在新兴应用中有潜在的旺盛需求,比如仿生有机体机器人、符合人体自然运动特征的可穿戴计算机系统,或者可穿戴机器人帮助人类完成运动任务。”卡内基梅隆大学的机械工程师Carmel·Majidi这样说。

张的脑子里还有另外一个目标,“我们的梦想是制造一个液态金属机器人。现在我们有了一只手,离目标又进了一步。”

(来源:《物理世界》)

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