* 用英语自身来理解和学习英语是最好的方式,《英读廊》是《满庭说英语》中的拓展阅读系列,这一系列的文章力求帮助大家在英语阅读能力上有所提升,并树立英语思维;
* 推荐的阅读的方法是:先原文,适当看解析阅读,还有疑惑再看双语对照。
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* 本篇文章难度系数10.4,由《小仙英语伴读》人工智能难度分析系统提供评分。
Why do blacksmiths need to 'hammer' blades into their shape?
【译】为什么铁匠需要把刀刃“锤”成它们的形状?
【单词】blacksmith ['blak-smith]['blæksmɪθ] n. 铁匠
【单词】hammer ['ham-er]['hæmə] vt. 锤打;反复敲打
【单词】blades 原型:blade [bleyd][bleɪd] n. 刀刃;刀锋
【单词】shape [sheyp][ʃeɪp] n. 形状;形式;定形
Why can't they just pour the molten metal into a cast and have it cool and solidify into a blade-shaped piece of metal?
【译】为什么他们不能把熔化的金属倒入铸件中,冷却并凝固成一块刀片状的金属呢?
【单词】pour [pawr, pohr][pɔː] v. 倒;倾泻
【单词】molten 过去分词作形容词,融化的。 原型:melt [melt][melt] vi. 融化;熔化;消散 vt. 使融化;使熔化;使消散
【单词】metal ['met-l]['metl] n. 金属;合金
【单词】cast [kast, kahst][kɑːst] n. 铸件
【单词】solidify [suh-'lid-uh-fahy][sə'lɪdɪfaɪ] v. 变固体;凝固
For an analogy (obviously not a perfect one), think about pizza dough.
【译】打个比方(显然不是一个完美的比喻),想想比萨饼面团。
【单词】analogy [uh-'nal-uh-jee][ə'nælədʒi] n. 类比;相似;类似
【单词】obviously ['ɒbviəsli] adv. 显然地
【单词】pizza ['peet-suh]['piːtsə] n. 比萨饼
【单词】dough [doh][dəʊ] n. 生面团
Why not just mix the flour and water together a little bit and pour it onto a pizza-sized platter?
【译】为什么不把面粉和水混合一下,倒在比萨饼大小的盘子里呢?
【单词】mix [miks][mɪks] v. 混合;掺入;合成
【单词】flour [flouuh r, 'flou-er]['flaʊə] n. 面粉;粉末
【单词】platter ['plat-er]['plætə] n. 大浅盘
Why spend all that effort kneading it and stretching it out?
【译】为什么要花那么多精力去揉捏和拉伸它呢?
【单词】spend [spend][spend] v. 花费
【单词】effort ['ef-ert]['efət] n. 努力;努力的成果
【单词】kneading 原型:knead [need][niːd] v. 揉(面粉等);捏制
【单词】stretching 原型:stretch [strech][stretʃ] v. 拉伸;伸展;延伸
Because kneading and stretching the dough changes the form of the gluten molecules, making them all stretchy.
【译】因为揉捏和拉伸面团会改变面筋分子的形态,使它们都有弹性。
【单词】gluten ['gloot-n]['ɡluːtn] n. 麸质;面筋
【单词】molecules 原型:molecule ['mol-uh-kyool]['mɒlɪkjuːl] n. 分子;微粒
【单词】stretchy ['strech-ee]['stretʃi] adj. 伸长的;有弹性的;容易伸长的
It gives the pizza crust that nice chewy texture.
【译】它让比萨饼壳有很好的嚼劲。
【单词】crust [kruhst][krʌst] n. 外壳;坚硬的外壳;面包皮
【单词】chewy ['choo-ee]['tʃuːi] adj. 柔软而会粘着的;耐嚼的
【单词】texture ['teks-cher]['tekstʃə] n. 质地;口感;手感
Metals are crystalline meaning all the atoms are arranged and spaced in a predictable ordered array.
【译】金属是结晶的,这意味着所有的原子都以可预测的方式顺序排列和间隔。
【单词】crystalline ['kris-tl-in, -ahyn, -een]['krɪstəlaɪn] adj. 结晶的; 水晶制的; 晶状的
【单词】atoms 原型:atom ['at-uhm]['ætəm] n. 原子;微粒
【单词】arranged 原型:arrange [uh-'reynj][ə'reɪndʒ] vt. 排列
【单词】predictable [pri-'dik-tuh-buhl][prɪ'dɪktəbl] adj. 可预知的
【单词】array [uh-'rey][ə'reɪ] n. 一系列;序列;数组;陈列
In a perfect theoretical crystal, every single atom would line up perfectly with the next, however in this is not usually the case in most pieces of metal, and would actually make the metal weaker.
【译】在一个完美的理论晶体中,每一个原子都会与下一个原子完美地排列在一起,然而在大多数金属片中,情况通常不是这样,而实际上会使金属变得没想象的那么结实。
【单词】theoretical [thee-uh-'ret-i-kuhl][ˌθɪə'retɪkl] adj. 理论上的
【单词】crystal ['kris-tl]['krɪstl] n. 水晶;结晶体
【单词】weaker 原型:weak 形容词比较级,更弱的,更不结实的
When all the planes of atoms line up perfectly, it makes it easier for them to slide past each other when the metal is under stress, effectively allowing the metal to deform.
【译】如果所有原子面完美地排列在一起,当金属受到应力时,它们就更容易彼此滑动,有效地允许金属变形。
【单词】plane [pleyn][pleɪn] n. 平面
【单词】slide [slahyd][slaɪd] vi. 滑动;滑入
【单词】stress [stres][stres] n. 压力
【单词】effectively [ih-'fek-tiv][ɪ'fektɪvli] adv. 事实上;有效地
【单词】deform [dih-'fawrm][dɪ'fɔːm] vt. 使变形 vi. 变形
But if you have smaller crystalline regions in the metal that are misaligned with each other, the atoms can't slide past each other and lock up at the regions in between these small crystals, known as grain boundaries, preventing further deformation.
【译】但是,如果金属中有较小的晶体区域彼此不对齐,原子就不能相互滑动,并锁定在这些小晶体之间的区域,即晶界,从而阻止进一步的变形。
【单词】regions 原型:region ['ree-juhn]['riːdʒən] n. 地区;范围
【单词】misaligned [mis-uh-'lahynd][ˌmɪsə'laɪnd] adj. 线向不正的;方向偏离的;不重合的;未对准的
【单词】grain [greyn][ɡreɪn] n. 颗粒;纹理
【单词】boundaries 原型:boundary ['boun-duh-ree, -dree]['baʊndri] n. 边界;分界线
【单词】preventing 原型:prevent [pri-'vent][prɪ'vent] v. 预防;防止,阻止;挡住
【单词】deformation [dee-fawr-'mey-shuhn, def-er-][ˌdiːfɔː'meɪʃn] n. 变形
When a blacksmith beats a red hot piece of metal, they continuously fold and flatten the piece of metal, refining the small crystalline grains in the material, making them smaller and stronger, so there is a higher chance that they will lock up if the metal is stressed.
【译】当铁匠敲打一块红热的金属时,他们会不断地将金属片折叠、压扁,使材料中的小晶粒细化,使其变得更小、更坚固,因此,如果金属受到压力,它们被锁住的可能性更大。
【单词】blacksmith ['blak-smith]['blæksmɪθ] n. 铁匠
【单词】beats 原型:beat [beet][biːt] v. 打;敲打
【单词】continuously [kuhn-'tin-yoo-uhs][kən'tɪnjuəsli] adv. 不断地;连续地
【单词】fold [fohld][fəʊld] vt. 折叠
【单词】flatten ['flat-n]['flætn] vt. 使变平
【单词】refining 原型:refine [ri-'fahyn][rɪ'faɪn] v. 精炼;改进
A cast or melted piece of metal has larger grains than a hammered piece of metal, as the atoms have time to organize their structure as it cools, which weakens it significantly.
【译】铸造或熔化的金属片比锤击的金属片有更大的晶粒,因为原子在冷却时有时间组织它们的结构,这就大大削弱了它。
【单词】melted 过去分词作形容词,融化的。 原型:melt [melt][melt] v. 融化;熔化;消散
【单词】organize ['awr-guh-nahyz]['ɔːɡənaɪz] v. 组织;安排
【单词】weakens 原型:weaken ['wee-kuhn]['wiːkən] v. 使 ... 弱,削弱; 变弱
【单词】significantly [sig-'nif-i-kuhnt][sɪɡ'nɪfɪkəntli] adv. 意义深远地;重要地;较大地
If you've ever seen a galvanized metal street pole or roadside barrier you can actually see the individual grains on the surface as they are very large.
【译】如果你见过镀锌金属路灯杆或路边护栏,你可以看到表面上的单个颗粒,因为它们非常大。
【单词】galvanized 原型:galvanize ['gal-vuh-nahyz]['ɡælvənaɪz] v. 镀锌
【单词】pole [pohl][pəʊl] n. 杆;柱
【单词】roadside ['rohd-sahyd]['rəʊdsaɪd] adj. 路边的
【单词】barrier ['bar-ee-er]['bæriə] n. 栅栏;障碍物;屏障
【单词】surface ['sur-fis]['sɜːfɪs] n. 表面;外表;平面
Most swords would probably have grains under 1 millimeter across, probably smaller.
【译】大多数剑的纹理可能在1毫米以下,可能更小。
【单词】sword [sawrd, sohrd][sɔːd] n. 剑
【单词】millimeter ['mil-uh-mee-ter]['mɪlɪˌmiːtə] n. 毫米
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