这个周末,微博被一个话题引爆了女性发声和认知刷新:
起因是网友@上网害人PO了某宝店家售卖的散装卫生巾产品截图,21.99就可以买100片并且包邮,平均下来一片大概只需2毛钱。
而在这个店家的留言下方,有人表示毕竟关系到个人健康和卫生,如此便宜的价格怕不是什么“三无”产品,建议还是购买有保障的大牌。令人心酸的是这条留言下方的回复“我有难处”。
这条微博的热议也引发了外媒第一时间的报道,“月经贫困”这一概念走进了大众的视野:
A conversation about period poverty, the inability for low-income women and girls to purchase safe sanitary products, has erupted on Chinese social media this week, igniting an online campaign calling for a lower sales tax on feminine hygiene products in the country.
本周,中国社交媒体上,关于低收入女性无能力负担有保障卫生用品的微博引发热议,并引爆了关于月经贫困的讨论,点燃了线上呼吁降低女性卫生用品税收的发声。
In a string of follow-up messages, Shangwang Hairen turned her post’s virality into an educational opportunity for people unfamiliar with the issue of period poverty, an underreported problem faced by women and girls who lack access to safe sanitary products.
在一连串的评论中,@上网害人PO主让不为大众所熟知的“月经贫困”问题有了教育意义的认知,“月经贫困”指被低估的、女性无法在生理期获得生理期卫生管理的基本物资问题。
除了“月经贫困”,PO主还科普了“月经税”(Tampon Tax)、“月经耻辱”(Period Shame)等概念。
面对如此残酷的现实,有网友表示颠覆了认知:
“Before reading the post, I had never questioned the cost of tampons and menstrual pads. Now I know they can be out of reach for women in poverty,”
“在看到这条微博前,我从没想过卫生巾、护垫这类的开销问题,如今我才知道,原来对于贫困线上挣扎的女性来说,这是她们触不可及的奢求。”
当然也有一些不知人间疾苦的评论,总有人把这个世界越看越窄:
“Not everyone can afford the lifestyle of drinking milk tea or eating hotpot on a regular basis. If you are trying to rationalize the cost of sanitary products by saying that everyone can buy a ton of pads if they drink less milk tea, you should check your privilege.”
根据生物学统计,一位女性一生中平均有2535天的生理期,这是她们命中注定的经历。但在这个女性人口近乎占据半数的世界中,无法负担卫生用品的月经贫困却是一个世界性的问题,无论是发达国家还是发展中国家,都无可幸免。
在英国,根据Plan International UK的调查显示,12%的女性因为贫穷需要临时拿别的物品代替卫生巾;19%的女性因为开销问题被迫选择不那么舒适的卫生用品;48%的女性(14-21岁)因为月经来潮感到羞耻:
利兹大学的毕业生Lizzie Goolden就听到一位英国女孩对她说过:
“My sister gets very anxious whenever on her period because she is worried about leaking and what people will think. This makes her not want to leave the house.”
我的姐姐来月经时会变得很焦躁,因为她很担心侧漏,还有身边的人会对她有看法。这让她都不愿意踏出房子一步。
而用不起卫生巾的时候,英国40%的女性用各种各样的物品来帮助自己度过生理期:报纸、袜子、厕纸,甚至还有塑料袋……
长期的月经贫困会导致各种各样的健康问题:生殖系统感染、妇科炎症,以及对于正常的学习、生活和工作都会造成心理阻碍……
在美国,5个女孩中就有1人因为没有经期卫生用品上不了学……
对于在贫困线上挣扎的女性而言,卫生用品几乎可以算“奢侈品”了:
American women are 38% more likely to live in poverty than men. And if you only have $5 in your pocket when your period arrives, you may have to choose between buying tampons and eating — or worse, between buying tampons and feeding your kids.
全美身处贫困的女性比男性多出38%。如果你口袋里只有5美元,同时你的生理期来了,你将面临着购买卫生巾和食物二选一的难题——更夸张的时候,只能在购买卫生巾和喂饱你的孩子之间二选一。
而在卫生条件堪忧的印度,生理期对于女性而言几乎是“灾难”。
In India, only 12% of women have access to sanitary products; the rest struggle to improvise, using old newspapers, rags and sawdust. The Indian ministry of health estimates that 70% of women are at risk of severe infection because of this. One in 53 women in India will be diagnosed with cervical cancer in her lifetime.
在印度,只有12%的女性用的上卫生用品;其余的女性只能靠改造报纸、抹布、拖布来帮自己度过生理期。印度卫生部预计,70%的女性因此暴露在感染疾病的风险下。在印度,53个中就有1人被确诊宫颈癌。
2018年,印度草根企业家 Arunachalam Muruganantham真实事迹改编的电影《印度合伙人》(Padman,又名《护垫侠》),讲述了初中文化程度的主人公拉克希米发明了低成本卫生巾生产机器,并开放专利,为印度全国对于女性经期卫生观念带来变革。
男主的一系列行径不仅被人理解,被人称为“疯子”,他还面临着生理期迷信和误解等各种难题:
“There are regions where it’s believed that if an unmarried girl uses a pad and a dog smells it, she will never get married. We worked at a village where they believed if women went out after sunset during menstruation, they will go blind.”
“有的地区的人相信,如果一个未出嫁的女孩使用了护垫,被狗闻到了气味,她就再也嫁不出去了。我们工作的村落,那里的村民甚至认为,如果女人生理期期间在日落后出门,她们会变成瞎子。”
《卫报》评价这部电影为“Bollywood glory”(宝莱坞之光):
While the all-singing, all-dancing genre may seem at odds with the complexity of the issue, both Khanna and Muruganantham hope the film will break down taboos on the health, education and social opportunities of women, particularly in rural areas.
一部反映复杂社会问题的电影,其间穿插着歌舞也许有点奇怪,但Khanna和Muruganantham还是希望这部电影可以打破尤其在乡村地区女性健康的禁忌,及反映教育和社会机遇等问题。
这样的呼声和努力,也终于有所成效:
And India said on Saturday that it would eliminate a controversial 12 percent tax on sanitary pads after a campaign by advocacy groups and celebrities. Canada also abolished a sales tax on such products in 2015, and an Australian push to do the same made progress this year.
印度在18年7月的一个周六,宣布减免卫生巾饱受争议的12%的税收,这是各个团体和名人提倡呼吁的结果。加拿大也在2015年减免了卫生用品的税收,澳大利亚在2018年也迫于压力,效仿这一举措。
(Muruganantham本人和他的低成本卫生巾制造机)
Muruganantham hopes the film will help him fulfil his dream of making India a 100% sanitary pad-using country. “The film will create more awareness. We still have a huge task ahead but things are changing. I’m ecstatic to be known as pad man, as it makes a difference to women’s lives.
Muruganantham希望这部电影能帮助他实现“印度全民使用卫生巾”的梦想。“这部电影唤醒了人们的意识。虽然我们面临着重重难关,但现实在往好的方向发展。能成为护垫侠,让女性的生活发生翻天覆地的变化,我感到欣喜若狂。”
一直记得《*姐妹》里有一集,Max斥责老板Han擅自涨价卫生棉条,Caroline说道:
我是女生,我来月经不必羞于提起,而摆脱月经贫困也需要我们所有人的能力,我们需要被平等对待,被尊重。希望能有更多电视剧像《以家人之名》这样,女性在男人们面前大大方方的宣布:我来例假啦!
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