阅读理解 细节理解题命题规律探究

细节理解题有时比较直接，理解字面意思即可答题；有时则较为间接，需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。细节理解题占阅读理解总题量的60%左右，是最重要的得分点。

考法一：直接信息题

直接信息题常以应用文的形式出现在考题中，涉及的话题有：广告类、活动安排类、书籍或电影介绍类、演出信息类等。设问方式多为以5W1H(what，who，when，where，why和how)等开头的特殊疑问句。

“带着问题找答案”先从题干中提取关键性词语(题眼)，然后以此为线索，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此关键词相关的段落、语句，快速定位该题与哪一段哪一句有关，然后仔细推敲，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定答案。简言之，可采用“一找二定三比对”的方法。

高考阅读理解真题调研

(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ·A片段)

Late Work

An essay not subMITted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date，it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.

23.What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date?

A. You will receive a zero.

B. You will lose a letter grade.

C. You will be given a test.

D. You will have to rewrite it.

(2020年全国Ⅰ ·A片段)

Train Information

All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding. For ticket information, please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30.

While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled, there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services.

Lost property（失物招领）

Call Lost Property on 13 16 17 during business hours for items lost on Queensland Rail services. The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30am to 5:00pm and is located (位于) at Roma Street station.

22. At which station can you find the lost property office?

A. Altandi. B. Roma Street. C. Varsity Lakes. D. Fortitude Valley.

(2020年全国ⅠI ·A片段)

The Lake District Attractions Guide Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens

History, Culture & Landscape (景观). Discover

and enjoy 4 centuries of history, 5 acres of celebrated and award-winning gardens with parkland walk. Owned by the Hasell family since 1679, home to the International Marmalade Festival. Gifts and antiques, plant sales, museums & Mediaeval Hall Tearoom.

Open: 29 Mar—29 Oct, Sun to Thurs.

Tearoom, Gardens & Gift Shop: 10.30—17.00 (16.00 in Oct).

House: 11.15—16.00 (15.00 in Oct).

Town: Pooley Bridge & Penrith

21.When is the House at Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens open on Sundays in July?

A. 09.30—17.30. B. 10.30—16.00. C. 11.15—16.00. D. 12.00—16.30.

考法二：直接信息题

间接信息题常在记叙文、说明文或议论文中考查，会涉及“人与自我”“人与社会”和“人与自然”三大主题语境。解此类试题常用“同义转换”法。

该类题的特点是试题题干或选项中的关键词语通常使用同义词或近义词甚至反义词来替换文中的相关细节信息,例如,使用book对文中的reserve进行同义转换,用less different对文中的more in common进行同义转换。

高频同义转换（动词类）

book=reserve=order

conduct=carry out

please=amuse=entertain

improve=promote

guarantee=ensure

document=record

preserve=protect

ruin=destroy=damage=violate

declare=announce=inform

divide=separate=part with

complete = fulfill =accomplish= achieve

delay=put off=postpone

give=supply=provide=offer

ignore=turn one’s back to

overuse=abuse

encourage = motivate =stimulate = spur

reject=refuse=turn down=decline

receive=accept

see=observe=notice=spot

search=explore

connect=link=relate=associate

explode=blow out

discourage=frustrate

rent=hire

prove=turn out

remove=get rid of

admire=appreciate

possess=own

decide=determine=resolve to do

get= obtain= acquire= gain= possess

高频同义转换（名词类）

data=statistics

novel=fiction

feature=characteristics

career=occupation

manners=etiquette

gratitude=appreciation

experiment=trial

personality=character

stress=pressure

origin=pioneer

circumstance=environment=atmosphere

creation=innovation

comment=remark=review(make a comment on)

achievement=recognition

option=choice=selection

material=resource

luggage=baggage=package

rule=regulation=principle

direction=discipline=guideline

colleague=coworker

essay=passage=article=text

approach=way=method=means

高频同义转换（形容词副词类）

delicious=tasty

attentive=focused

original=initial

final=eventual

obvious=evident=Striking

accurate=exact

outstanding=brilliant==remarkable=distinctive

authentic=true=genuine

thrilling=frightening

thrilled=excited

average=ordinary=common=universal

time-honored=has a long history

dull=boring

daring=brave

extra=additional

glad=pleased=delighted

touched=moved

significant=vital=key=essential=primary=elementary

accessible=available=at hand

appropriate=proper=suitable

appealing=attractive

immediately=quickly=at once=in rarely=hardly=seldom

approximately=about=nearly=almost=practically

complex=complicated

safe=secure

高频同义转换（高频短语类）

ahead of time=in advance=previous

places of interest=tourist attraction

result in=lead to=contribute to

be accustomed to=be used to doing

meet/satisfy/fulfill one’s demand/requirement/need

prevent...from=keep...from=stop...from

join in=take part in=participate in

=involve in=be engaged in

get ready for=be prepared for

focus on =concentrate on

transform A into B=turn A into B

in the long term=in the long run

in...sense=in a way=to some degree=at some point

hold on to=insist

take action=take measures=take steps to

keep in touch with=contact

in some respect=to some degree=at some point

deal with=cope with=handle with=address

at the same time=meanwhile

on the spot=on the scene

be proud of=take pride in

as a matter of fact=in fact=to tell you the truth

head into=leave for

arrive at=reach=get to=approach

in spite of=despite

from one’s perspective=from one’s point of view

try doing=attempt to

be filled with=be charged with=be full of

prefer to do A rather than do B

prefer A to B

prefer doing A to doing B

run into=come across

take the place of=replace

come into effect=put...into practice/use

from time to time=once in a while

be caught in=be trapped in

consist of =be made up of

for a moment=for a while

a collection of =a series of

figure out=find out

bright up=light up

roll around=turn up

give...a lecture=deliver a speech

draw one’s attention=attract one’s attention

be desperate for=desire for=be thirsty for

in favor of=favorable

(2022·全国甲·B片段)

Goffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia，have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild，the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment，cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape，and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut.

24.How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment?

A. By following instructions.

B. By using a tool.

C. By turning the box around.

D. By removing the lid.

(2020年全国Ⅰ卷·D片段)

The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken it a step further—changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. “We're thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,” explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.

33.What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer?

A. To detect plants’ lack of water.

B. To change compositions of plants.

C. To make the life of plants longer.

D. To test chemicals in plants.

(2018年全国Ⅲ卷·D片段)

…The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.

I found the pre-holidays a good time…For weeks, I've been thinking of bigger, deeper questions: How do we make it a habit for them? And how do we train ourselves to help them live with, need, and use less? Yesterday, I sat with my son, Shepherd, determined to test my own theory on this. I decided to play with him with only one toy for as long as it would keep his interest.

34.Why did the author play the ball with Shepherd?

A. To try out an idea.

B. To show a parent's love.

C. To train his attention.

D. To help him start a hobby.

考法三：数计算题题

数字计算题一般会涉及时间、年龄、价钱、数量、距离等的简单计算。一般来说，计算量都比较小，容易计算。但是英语阅读中的数字计算必须要找出计算背后所隐含的信息。这些“暗”信息会涉及对某个难句的理解，从这个角度上讲，理解文中相应的复杂句是解这类题的关键。数字计算题的话题有：1.广告类；2.故事类；3. 科普知识类；4.史地自然类；5.文化教育类。设问方式以when，in which year，how many/much等疑问词(组)开头引出问题。解此类试题常用“整合推算”法。

此类题要求考生对具体细节信息,尤其是年龄、时间、数量等数字信息进行加工,但此类试题的重点不在于计算,而在于考查考生对具体信息的处理能力,故试题设置的计算一般比较简单。

(2022·全国乙·A片段)

Admission

￡4.Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.

22.How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission?

A.￡4. B.￡8. C.￡12. D.￡16.

(2023新课标I卷A篇)

Why MacBike

MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.

Prices

22. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days?

A. €15.75. B. €19.50. C. €22.75. D. €29.50.

名校真题模拟演练

【演练01】（2022·全国·高三专题练习）

Savannah Family Vacation Package

Bring your whole family to Savannah for a vacation adventure that combines sightseeing with a show at Savannah’s most historic theatre and three nights’ lodging in the exciting Savannah Family Vacation Package!

Prices Starting at:

Ages 19 and Up: $150.00

Ages 13—19: $50.00

Ages 4—12: $20.00

Ages 0—3: Free

Historical Attractions in Savannah

Savannah is a beautiful city, as well as one of the most historic in the United States, Here, visitors will enjoy Southern history and culture. Head out on any one of the remarkable activities offered to experience some fun. Plus, the city is full of historic sites to explore.

About the Included Savannah Theatre Musical Production

Savannah Theatre has brilliant architecture and is known for being a top theater with a state-of-the-art sound and light system and talented performers. At this theater you can experience a high-energy and interesting musical or a two-hour variety show in an unforgettable performance! The possibilities are endless with the Historic Savannah Theatre, as the show changes throughout the year. During November and December, guests will get to experience the Christmas production.

About the Included Savannah Old Town Trolley Tour

Guests will also be able to board upon the Savannah Old Town Trolley Tour. The trolley tour gives guests a comfortable and fun way to see the city in style. Though the guided tour lasts approximately 90 minutes, guests will be able to hop on or hop off at a mass of locations including the City Market, Sorrel-Weed House, and Massie Heritage Museum. With transportation taken care of, guests can simply focus on seeing the best that Savannah has to offer.

1. How much should a couple with their five-year-old twins pay for this tour?

A. $170.00. B. $190.00. C. $340.00. D. $400.00.

2. What contributes most to the reputation of Savannah Theatre Musical Production?

A. Its sound and light system.

B. Its high-quality musical.

C. Its changeable show.

D. Its Christmas production.

3. Where is the text probably taken from?

A. A historical book.

B. A travel website.

C. A guide to Savannah.

D. A fashion magazine.

【演练02】（2022·全国·高三专题练习）

I’m May. high school seniors all around the U. S. scramble (争抢) to get ready for prom. Prom. short for promenade, is a formal dance held by a high school before graduation. It's an important aspect of American school culture because it's the last high-school dance seniors will ever attend.

Prom entails (牵涉) countless traditions. First a guy must ask a girl to go to prom with him. Most guys choose to do special prom proposals in hopes of winning the girl's heart with their creativity. Then he will rent a tuxedo (燕尾服), and the girl will often get their hair, nails and makeup done professionally. That night couples will take pictures, and then they will often take a limousine (豪华轿车) to dinner and to the dance. Several reports state that parents can spend upward of $ 2,000 to give their kids the perfect prom experience.

The history of prom can be traced back to the last half of the 1800s. At that time, American universities and colleges organized dances each year for their graduating students. The purpose was not only to entertain the students but also to prepare them for the wider world by teaching them proper manners for men and women.

Later, high schools took over the prom tradition. In the 1950s, high schools began moving the dance from their gyms to beautiful hotels or country clubs to make the event even more special. Perhaps the most amazing prom took place in 1975, when Susan Ford, the daughter of the country's president, received permission to hold her high school's prom at the White House. So far, no other prom has managed to top that.

4. What does this article mainly explain about prom?

A. Its unusual atmosphere.

B. Its present and future.

C. Its educational benefits.

D. Its customs and roots.

5. According to this article, what do the participants in prom mainly pay attention to?

A. Their appearance.

B. Their possessions.

C. Their transportation.

D. Their supervisors.

6. What were people supposed to learn from prom at one time?

A. What marketing plan to use.

B. How to behave around others.

C. Which food was best to eat.

D. When to earn a great degree.

7. According to this article ,where was a special event held more than four decades ago?

A. In an official residence.

B. In an international court.

C. In a motion picture studio.

D. In a modern gallery.

【演练03】（2022·全国·高三专题练习）

Independent living at home is the ideal for every aging person. But a fall or other health-threatening incidents can change everything rapidly.

The wearable “panic buttons” introduced in the late 1980s were a great advance. But they only work if people actually wear them and can reach the button in an emergency. Today there are passive wearables that automatically detect falls, and camera-based systems to monitor elder safety.

Coming from a 40-year career in the semiconductor and wireless communication field, Rafi Zack decided to find a better alternative. “People aren’t devoted to wearing small devices 24/7, and camera-based systems are an invasion（侵犯）of privacy,” he points out, “The most challenging aspect is a fall. How fast we can detect a fall matters because the medical situation worsens quickly. Sometimes people stay on the floor for a long time. We have to find out how to solve that problem.”

Zack is a co-founder, CEO and vice president of R&D at EchoCare Technologies which has developed ECHO (Elderly Care Home Observer), a cloud-connected monitor based on radar technology and machine learning.

Because radar sees through walls, one ECHO unit fixed on the ceiling or wall can monitor one person (or two persons, in a future version) in a standard-sized apartment in a senior living facility. The device detects falls, breathing difficulties, drowning in a bathtub and other dangerous events. It gives out warnings to potential health worsening conditions by continuously monitoring and analyzing the person’s location, posture（姿势）, motion and breath. EchoCare tested the device in the United States, Japan, Australia and Israel. ECHO was certified（认证）in 2019 in Japan with the most aging population in the world.

“Bathrooms were the main testing area where about 17,000 deadly accidents happen annually.” said SMK Director and Executive Vice President Tetsuo Hara. “Bathroom makers, home security service providers and nursing homes are highly interested in EchoCare’s solution.” Zack noted, “As more and more elder people live alone as a result of social distancing, there is an increased need to monitor them without the burden of wearables or privacy-invading cameras.”

8. What’s the advantage of ECHO over “panic buttons”?

A. It has camera-based systems. B. It has been widely accepted.

C. It can function without cameras. D. Its buttons can be easily reached.

9. What can we know about ECHO from paragraph 5?

A. It is designed to send out warnings regularly.

B. It monitors dangerous health-related events.

C. It was certified in many developed countries.

D. It detects more than one person at the same time.

10. What can we infer about the future of ECHO?

A. It’ll become more popular with the elderly.

B. It’ll stop 17,000 deaths happening annually.

C. It’ll be used in nursing homes and hospitals.

D. It’ll help elderly people to live an active life.

11. What can be the best title for the passage?

A. An Advanced Medical Instrument

B. A High-tech Monitor for the Elderly

C. The Invention of a Healthcare Device

D. The Improvement of a Medical Facility

【演练04】（2022·全国·高三专题练习）

A young woman was walking in Santa Ana, California, when she came upon an elderly street vendor (小贩) selling tamales (玉米粉蒸肉). Seeing how tired he looked in his wheelchair, she decided to give him a few bucks and a sandwich—and she also gave him a sympathetic ear to listen to his story.

When Kenia Barragan first saw Jose Villa Ochoa, she thought of her own parents. “I felt for him,” she told KTTV News, “My parents are both older, and I would hate to see my dad out selling tamales for somebody and barely making ends meet.”

Known as “Don Joel”, he explained that although he wanted a job, no company would hire him because of his age. In order to keep himself out of debt, he started to sell tamales cooked by a local woman. At the end of each hard day, she would give him a cut of the earnings. This allowed him to buy food, but was not enough for him to afford his medical treatment or a phone.

The 28-year-old woman was happy to listen to Don Joel’s story, but she wanted to do more. She made an appeal to her followers on Instagram for some assistance. Within a week, friends and strangers flooded her with more than $84 000 in donations.

In addition to the money raised for Don Joel’s retirement, Kenia purchased him a new wheelchair and a shiny new pair of shoes. Even though he’s 94, he says he feels like he’s 40 now, because the kindness has made him feel so alive. He describes the generosity as “life-changing”.

Kenia feels exactly the same way. She says she’s always looking for a purpose that helps people and that she’s been living in line with those values in her current job, working with people who have disabilities to get them transportation. Her goal in life is to establish a homeless shelter.

12. Why did Don Joel sell tamales?

A. To buy a new wheelchair. B. To struggle for a living.

C. To pay off his medical debt. D. To help a local woman.

13. How did Kenia change Don Joel’s life?

A. By establishing a homeless shelter. B. By giving him money and sandwiches.

C. By collecting donations on Instagram. D. By listening to his story attentively.

14. What can we infer about Kenia in the text?

A. She disliked her father because of his job.

B. She is a wealthy woman ready to help others.

C. She helped Don Joel when she was 40 years old.

D. She is a kind woman aiming to do more charity.

15. What does the author want to tell us?

A. Rose given, fragrant in hand. B. The best hearts are always the bravest.

C. No pain, no gain. D. Sharp tools make good work.

【演练05】（2022·全国·高三专题练习）

Nearly everyone knows eBay is a website where you can buy and sell pretty much anything. There are other Internet auction (拍卖) sites, but none come close to eBay for brand-name recognition. And for good reason: eBay is the largest English-language online auction site in the world. Buyers come to eBay for the best chance of finding the particular thing they want. Sellers come for the largest pool of buyers, which they hope means the best chance of selling at the highest possible price.

Buying things on eBay is pretty simple. You can type a term into the search field, or click through the categories list to get to what you want. Inside an individual item listing, you’ll see the current asking price, and a little button to click if you wish to place your own bid. Enter a price, occasionally come back to see if someone has bid higher than you and wait for the end of the auction period. If your bid is the highest, you win! Now all you have to do is arrange payment and shipping method with the seller. eBay is only in the business of putting buyers and sellers together for a small fee from the seller. It doesn’t handle the actual payment or shipping of goods. In other words, it isn’t a big department store, or a warehouse. It’s the owner of a flea market, and you have to do your own deals with the individual sellers in their virtual stalls.

To be a skillful eBay buyer, you should learn when to trust sellers and how a proxy (代理人) bid can save you from going online every half-hour to up your bid. Experienced eBay users also know how to use escrows (公正托管) to guarantee goods, and how to avoid selling tricks such as fake bids that push up prices. The more often you buy on eBay, the more you learn.

16. Why is eBay the best website for people to buy and sell things?

A. Because it has all brand products.

B. Because the trade language is English.

C. Because sellers and buyers can close their deals.

D. Because sellers can find a swimming pool there.

17. What should you do first if you want to buy something at the site?

A. Find the current asking price.

B. Click a button to place your own bid.

C. Enter a price which is higher than others.

D. Find what you want in the categories list.

18. What should the buyer do if he/she wins the bid?

A. Get goods from eBay.

B. Determine payment and shipment.

C. Send somebody for the goods.

D. Talk about the price of the goods.

19. What is mainly talked about in the last paragraph?

A. How to be a skillful buyer at eBay.

B. How to make sure of qualified goods.

C. How to avoid being cheated by others.

D. How to spare you from going online frequently.

【演练06】（2023届湖北省武汉市武昌区高三5月质量检测）

Overview

This amazing property sits on 5 acres, just 15 minutes from Redding. Has a full basketball court and an amazing swimming pool with a waterslide. Sleeps 12 people with 2 Kings,2 Queens, and 2 bunk bed sets. This is a shared property; the house is a completely separate home. Home has two separate cooking areas and living spaces, perfect for separating groups if needed. Hot bathtub is optional as well upon request. Everything is new and feels like you’re at a scenic spot. Please note: As this is a shared property, we screen all requests to find families/groups for the best fit for our family and a great fit for our guests, as well. We want everyone who stays here to enjoy themselves to the fullest. Pool is not and cannot be heated. Swimming is only during summer and early fall. We are required by Shasta County to charge a 10% rental tax.

Price

$440/Night

What This Rental Offers

Air Conditioning Refrigerator Microwave Stove

Towels Provided TV Washer Wi-Fi

Reviews

Amazing facilities!

We had 11 people staying in the house, we spent most of our time in the pool. They have a baseball field, tennis/basketball court, football/soccer field. Hanging beds around a fireplace. Truly spectacular place to stay.

Family Favorite!

Nice place! The house was clean, comfortable and well supplied. Very nice landscaping with lots of activities. We had fun playing tennis at the tennis court. Thanks for letting us stay at your property. We enjoyed our stay.

20. What can people do in the property?

A. Swim in winter. B. Wander at a scenic spot.

C. Cook in the living room. D. Play baseball in the court.

21. How much will it cost if a family check in on Friday and check out the next Monday?

A. $1936. B. $1760. C. $1452. D. $1320.

22. Where can we probably read this passage?

A. A trip website. B. A guide book. C. A housing contract. D. A travel brochure.

【演练07】（2023辽宁省丹东市二模）

Online art class are often an affordable and convenient way to learn a new skill without committing to the expense of art school. While some online learning platforms focus on a specific type of art like drawing, painting, photography, and even sewing, others let students explore a variety of skills. Here we recommend the best overall: New Masters Academy.

Key Specs

Cost: $36 to $79 per month

Class length: Varies; 1 to 5 hours

Availability: Open registration

Why We Choose It

Advantages:

Unlimited access to the offering of drawing and painting classes.

Students can sign up for a free 7-day trial.

Community forum lets students communicate and learn from each other.

Disadvantages:

Does not include courses for other skills like photography.

Overview

Courses range from art theory and drawing to painting, sculpture, and digital art. Classes are designed to artists of every skill level, so it’s easy to find lessons that will match your experience and needs. Beginner-friendly lessons include color mixing, an introduction to landscape painting, and two-hour water-color painting classes.

The Library Plan costs $49 for a month-to-month membership or $36 per month when billed annually. Membership includes unlimited streaming access to more than 2,500 hours of instructional videos taught by true masters.

Alternatively, ambitious artists can join the Library plan for $79 for a month-to-month membership or $59 per month when billed annually. In addition to standard features, Library members get access to an extensive library of reference images to support daily practice and make it easy to find inspiration.

23. Which skill is taught in New Masters Academy?

A. Sewing. B. Photography. C. Color mixing. D. Dancing.

24. What do we know about New Masters Academy?

A. It provides students with a 5 days trial for free.

B. It can meet the needs of artists at different levels.

C. It allows students to attend all the classes unlimitedly.

D. It builds an offline communication platform for students.

25. How much should a mom pay at least if her twin sons join the Library Plan yearly?

A. $72. B. $98. C. $864. D. $1176.