1月8日，驻英国大使刘晓明应邀在牛津剑桥俱乐部发表主旨演讲。演讲后，刘大使还回答听众关于联合国安理会改革、中东形势、“一带一路”建设、英欧关系、中美贸易摩擦、投资安全审查、华为在英经营情况等提问。该俱乐部150多名会员出席。
以下为演讲双语全文：
《坚持和平发展，推进合作共赢》 China is Firmly Committed to Peaceful Development and Win-Win Cooperation
（2019年1月8日，牛津剑桥俱乐部） Oxford and Cambridge Club, 8 January 2019
尊敬的布莱克维主席， Chairman Joanna Tudor-Blakeway, 女士们，先生们： Ladies and Gentlemen:
大家晚上好！ Good evening!
很高兴到访牛津剑桥俱乐部。我出任中国驻英大使以来，牛津和剑桥是我访问次数最多的两个大学。但做客牛剑俱乐部，还是第一次。俱乐部的会员告诉我，我是第一位到此演讲的中国大使。因此，今天的访问很有意义。正因为如此，我把2019年的第一场演讲选在你们的俱乐部，这个牛津剑桥两大名校精英荟萃的地方。 It is a real delight to join you at the Oxford and Cambridge Club. Oxford and Cambridge are the two universities that I have visited most frequently since becoming the Chinese Ambassador to the UK. But this is my first visit to the Oxford and Cambridge Club. It is very special and significant. So I have decided to make my very first speech of 2019 at your club, the home of outstanding alumni from both these two world-renowned universities.
对中国而言，2019年是一个大年，我们将迎来新中国成立70周年。70年来，中国发生了翻天覆地的变化，从一个积贫积弱的“东亚病夫”发展成为世界第二大经济体，堪称人类发展史上的奇迹。 2019 is an important year for China. It marks the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China. The past 70 years have seen China going through profound changes and growing from "the sick man of East Asia" ridden with poverty and weakness to the second largest economy in the world. This has been a miracle in the history of human development.
对英国民众而言，中国从“远在天边”变得“近在眼前”，英国媒体每天都有关于中国的报道，中国的发展与英国越来越息息相关。那么，中国的发展对英国到底意味着什么？是机遇、挑战还是威胁？要回答这个问题，就要认识中国是个什么样的国家？搞清楚中国从何处来，又向何处去？ For people here in Britain, China is no longer a "far away land". China is right here before your eyes. It is in your newspapers every day. And more and more people feel closely connected with what is going on in China.So what does China's development mean to the UK? Is it an opportunity, a challenge or a threat? To answer this question, one must first try to understand China, and to know where it has come from and where it is going in the future.
回顾70年来的发展历程，中国的成功之处就是找到了一条适合本国国情的道路，即中国特色社会主义道路。这是认识中国的关键。这条中国特色社会主义道路有四个鲜明特点，可以用四个“P”来概括： The key to understanding China is to understand that China's success of the past 70 years is attributed to its development path that suits China's national conditions. This path is known as socialism with Chinese characteristics. It has four salient features, which can be summarised as four P's.
第一个是“PARTY”，即中国共产党是中国的“主心骨”。 The first P stands for "Party". The Communist Party of China is the backbone of the nation.
对于中国这样一个近14亿人口的大国来说，发展道路没有先例可循，也没有金科玉律的教科书，只能在实践中不断探索。 For a big country with nearly 1.4 billion people, there is no precedence or text book to follow on its way to development. The only way forward is through trial and error.
中国近代曾历经深重苦难，人民流离失所，国家山河破碎。不少志士仁人发起一系列救亡图存的斗争，各种努力都尝试过，无论是太平天国、义和团，还是洋务运动、戊戌变法、辛亥革命都最终失败了。只有在中国共产党领导下，中国才实现从站起来、富起来到强起来的伟大飞跃。可以说，中国共产党是历史的选择、人民的选择。 Since modern times, China has made numerous trials and errors. From the peasant uprisings known as the Taiping Rebellion and Boxer Rebellion to the Westernisation Movement, from the Hundred Day's Reform to the Revolution of 1911, generations of Chinese sought unsuccessfully to free the country from devastation and dismemberment, and to save the people from destitution and displacement. It is under the leadership of the Communist Party of China that the nations has achieved independence and grown prosperous and strong. The Communist Party of China is the choice of history and the choice of the Chinese people.
上世纪90年代初苏联解体时，西方一些人认为“中国共产党挺不了多久”、提出“历史的终结”，这些看法最终证明都是错误的，根本原因在于对中国共产党缺乏正确认识。中国共产党虽然也曾走过一些弯路，但勇于坚持真理、直面问题、修正错误，不断开拓创新、与时俱进，始终保持与人民的血肉联系，带领人民克服一个又一个困难，不断从胜利走向胜利。 When the Soviet Union disintegrated in early 1990s, some people in the West reckoned that "the days for the Communist Party of China are numbered" and forecast the "End of History". Their predictions have been proven wrong and the reason lies in their lack of understanding about the Communist Party of China. Indeed, the Party had stumbles, falls and even wrong turns along the way, but it has the courage to admit its mistakes, make corrections and continue to seek truth. It has kept renewing itself in order to stay abreast with the times. And it has maintained close links with the Chinese people. These qualities have enabled the Communist Party of China to lead the Chinese people in overcoming the difficulties and achieving one success after another.
第二个是“PROGRESS”，即把经济建设作为中心。 The second P stands for "progress". Economic progress is the central task.
在70年的探索过程中，中国不断认识并发展社会主义。1978年，中国认真总结国内外改革发展经验，“以经济建设为中心”取代“以阶级斗争为纲”，开启了中国改革开放的伟大进程。 For China, the past 70 years have been an ongoing exploration of and experiment with socialism, in which we have sought ever-deeper understanding of it and added new dimensions to it. In 1978, China embarked on the great journey of reform and opening up after a thorough review of both domestic experience and overseas practice in reform and development. The focus of the nation was shifted from "class struggle" to "economic development".
通过40多年改革开放，中国不断解放和发展社会生产力，国内生产总值年均增长约9.5%，总量达12万亿美元，远高于同期世界经济2.9%的年均增速；占世界经济比重从40年前的2%，增至今天的15.2%。
In the past 40 years, China has kept emancipating and developing the productive forces, and achieved tremendous progress:
China's GDP has reached 12 trillion US dollars. It has been growing at an average annual rate of 9.5%, which is much higher than the 2.9% concurrent rate of the world economy. Its contribution to global GDP has increased from 2% forty years ago to 15.2% today.
中国已成为世界第二大经济体、制造业第一大国、货物贸易第一大国、商品消费第二大国、外资流入第二大国，外汇储备连续多年位居世界第一。 China is now the world's second largest economy,largest manufacturer,biggest trader in goods,second biggest consumer of goods,No. 2 destination for foreign investment,and No. 1 in foreign exchange reserve for many years in a row.
第三个是“PEOPLE”，即把让人民过上“好日子”作为奋斗目标。 Now let me come to the third P, which stands for "people".
*主席指出，“人民对美好生活的向往就是我们的奋斗目标。”中国始终坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，在发展中保障和改善民生。这不仅是我们一切工作的出发点和落脚点，也是中国发展的根本目的。 President Xi Jinping has given the best explanation of this point. He said, "The aspirations of the people to live a better life must always be the focus of our efforts." The people and their wellbeing have always been the ultimate goal of all our efforts to achieve development.
70年来，中国从一个难以解决温饱问题的低收入国家跃升为一个生活宽裕的中等收入国家，7.4亿人摆脱贫困，3亿多人进入中等收入群体；建了成包括养老、医疗、低保、住房在内的世界最大的社会保障体系；居民预期寿命由1981年的67.8岁提高到2017年的76.7岁。 In the past 70 years, China had grown from a low-income country that could barely provide food and clothing to its people to a middle-income country enjoying moderate prosperity. 740 million people are lifted out of poverty;The middle-income population totaled more than 300 million; The world's largest social security system is established, covering old-age pension, health care, basic allowances and welfare housing; And the average life expectancy had gone up from 67.8 in 1981 to 76.7 in 2017.
第四个是“PEACE”，即把和平发展作为基本国策。 The fourth P stands for "peace". Peaceful development is China's basic national policy.
中国始终坚持独立自主的和平外交政策，始终不渝走和平发展道路。中国的发展需要一个和平安宁的国际环境，同时中国又以自身发展促进世界和平。近年来，中国参与了当今几乎所有国际和地区热点问题的解决进程，为世界和平与发展不断贡献中国智慧，提出中国方案。 China is committed to an independent foreign policy of peace and stayed on the path of peaceful development. China needs a peaceful and tranquil international environment for its development, and its development in turn helps maintain world peace. In recent years, China has been a partner in the international response to almost all regional and international hotspot issues. China has contributed its wisdom and proposed its solutions.
新年伊始，中国已超过日本成为联合国常规预算第二大出资国，从7.9%上升至12%。中国还是联合国维和行动第二大出资国和安理会五常中派遣维和军事人员最多的国家，累计派出3.7万人次军警官兵参与维和行动。中国军舰连续10年在亚丁湾、索马里海域执行护航，先后保护了6000多艘船舶安全，其中也包括英国商船。 At the beginning of 2019, China overtook Japan to become the second largest contributor to the United Nations regular budget, increasing its contribution from 7.9% to 12%. China is the second largest contributor to the UN peacekeeping budget and the largest contributor among the P5 of peacekeeping personnel. A total of 37,000 Chinese military and police officers have served or are still serving in various UN missions. In the Gulf of Aden and off the Coast of Somalia, the Chinese Navy has carried out escort missions for ten consecutive years, ensuring the safe passage of more than 6,000 ships, including British merchant ships.
女士们，先生们， Ladies and Gentlemen:
尽管中国发展取得了不少成就，但我们清醒地知道中国还是一个发展中国家，是世界上最大的发展中国家，发展依然任重道远。 Despite our enormous achievements, we are clearly aware that China is still a developing country, and the largest one in the world. We still face daunting tasks in our development.
首先，发展不充分，人均水平低。中国人均国内生产总值排在世界第60多位，只有美国的1/7，不到英国的1/4，人类发展指数全球位列90多位。中国还有3000万贫困人口、8000多万残疾人，需要照顾的老年人口超过2亿，每年需要解决就业人口就达1500万。 First, China's development is inadequate and at a low level in per-capita terms. China's per capita GDP is only one seventh of that of the United States and one fourth of the UK, and ranks behind more than 60 other countries in the world. In human development index, China is just about managing to join the club of top 100. At home, there are still 30 million Chinese living in poverty, more than 80 million people with disabilities, over 200 million pensioners in need of care, and about 15 million new workforces in need of a job every year.
其次，发展不平衡，地区差距大。以东西部差距为例，东部沿海地区广东省GDP相当于世界排名第十四的西班牙，而西部地区国土面积占全国72%，人口占27%，经济总量仅占20%，对外贸易和投资只占7%。我曾在中国西部省份甘肃省担任省长助理，80多个县我跑过40多个，亲眼目睹了甘肃脱贫任务之艰巨。甘肃省扶贫目标仍是保证人民“一日有三餐，四季有衣穿”。 Second, China's development is imbalanced, with huge disparities between different regions. Let me give you a comparison between the eastern and western regions: the GDP of Guangdong province in the coastal region is the same as the GDP of Spain, the 14th largest economy in the world; but the western region, which covers 72% of China's land area and is home to 27% of China's population, only contributes 20% of the national economy and accounts for 7% of the country's foreign trade and investment. I once served as Assistant Governor of Gansu, one of the poor provinces in China's western region. I have been to more than 40 of the over 80 counties in that Province, and I know from personal experience the daunting task of poverty alleviation that Gansu faces. As we speak, Gansu is still working hard to "ensure adequate food and clothing for its people".
此外，发展仍面临不可持续的问题。中国社会生产力总体水平仍不高，生产力结构还不够合理，高投入、高消耗的增长方式尚未得到根本改变，科技创新能力仍显不足。中国制造业、贸易规模很大，但经济仍“大而不强”。在国际贸易中，中国出口的是廉价“体力劳动”，进口的是高昂“脑力劳动”，服务贸易仍存在巨额逆差。中国的文化建设、国防实力、科学技术、社会治理现代化水平都有待进一步提升。 Third, sustainability remains a tough issue in China's development. China's overall productivity remains low. The structure of productive forces needs rational adjustment. The shift away from capital-driven and resource-intensive growth model is yet to be completed. The capacity for scientific and technological innovation falls short. As a result, China's manufacturing and trade are large but not strong. Exports are more labour-intensive while imports are more value-added, and service trade is huge deficit. In other areas, such as culture, defence, science, technology and modern social governance, upgrading is badly needed.
我们对前进道路上的困难和挑战有清醒的认识，正如*主席指出，中国发展到了“愈进愈难、愈进愈险而又不进则退、非进不可的时候。”在中国共产党领导下，我们有信心、有能力攻坚克难，开创更加美好的未来。展望未来，中国将在世界扮演什么角色呢？概括起来就是四个“B”： These are some of the difficulties and challenges we face. As President Xi Jinping pointed out, going ahead, the difficulties and risks facing China's development will become more and more severe, but without progress we will fall behind, so we must press on. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, we have the confidence and capability to overcome the difficulties and create a brighter future. As China is going forward, what role is China going to play in the world? I would like to use four B's to answer this question.
第一个是“BOOSTER”，中国要做全球经济增长的“推进器”。 First, China will be a "booster" for world economic growth.
中国在发展中遇到的问题都是“成长中的烦恼”，只有通过进一步发展来解决。中共十九大为中国未来发展确定了“三个目标”，即到2020年全面建成小康社会，到2035年基本实现社会主义现代化，到本世纪中叶建成富强民主文明和谐美丽的社会主义现代化强国。 The problems in China's development are "growing pains", which will be addressed as China continues to develop. One year ago, at the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, three goals were set for China's development in the years to come, namely:
Complete the building of a moderately prosperous society by 2020; Realise socialist modernisation by 2035; And build China into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious and beautiful by the middle of this century.
要实现这些目标，中国将进一步深化改革，扩大开放。正如*主席在新年贺词中所说：“中国改革的脚步不会停滞，开放的大门只会越开越大”。中国的发展将继续为世界经济增长提供充足动力。 To achieve these goals, China will continue to deepen reform and open up wider to the world. President Xi said in his New Year message, "China's reforms will never stop, and its doors will only open even wider". This means that China's development will continue to provide strong impetus for world economic growth.
近年来，中国对世界经济增长贡献率超过30%。越来越多的中国人走出国门，从事商贸、投资、求学、旅游等活动。2017年中国在境外设立企业超过3万家，在海外劳务人员约100万，留学生约137万。去年11月，我们成功举办首届中国国际进口博览会，这是迄今世界上第一个以进口为主题的国家级展会。未来15年，也就是中国基本实现社会主义现代化的15年，中国将进口24万亿美元商品，吸收2万亿美元境外直接投资。中国现在是120多个国家和地区的最大贸易伙伴。我想未来15年，这个数字还要进一步扩大。 In recent years, China has been contributing more than 30% to world economic growth. More and more Chinese are trading, investing, studying or holidaying abroad. As of 2017, there were more than 30,000 Chinese companies, about one million Chinese contract workers and 1.37 million Chinese students all over the world. A recent demonstration of China's resolve to share its development benefits with the world is the first China International Import Expo held last November. This was the first-ever national-level Expo dedicated solely to import. In the coming 15 years, China will strive to realise socialist modernisation. And in this process, China plans to import 24 trillion dollars of goods and open up a 2-trillion-dollar market for foreign direct investment. China is already the largest trading partner of more than 120 countries and regions. I believe that this figure will become bigger in the next 15 years.
第二个是“BUILDER”，中国要做人类命运共同体的“构建者”。 Second, China will be a "builder" of a community with a shared future for mankind.
中国的成功发展得益于和平的国际环境，中国的未来发展仍需要稳定的外部环境。当前，世界正面临百年未有之大变局，单边主义、保护主义肆虐，不稳定性不确定因素增多，地区热点问题此起彼伏，恐怖主义、网络安全、重大传染性疾病、气候变化等非传统安全威胁持续蔓延，人类社会面临许多共同挑战。没有哪个国家能够独自应对这些挑战，也没有哪个国家能够退回自我封闭的孤岛。 China's success is attributable to a peaceful international environment. Going forward, China will still need a stable international environment to achieve greater success.
The world is undergoing profound changes unseen in a century:
Unilateralism and protectionism are raging; Instabilities and uncertainties are rising; Regional hotspot issues keep cropping up; Non-traditional security threats such as terrorism, cyber risks, pandemics and climate change continue to spread. These are the common challenges to human society. No country could address these challenges alone. Nor could anyone hide behind closed doors or retreat into isolation.
因此，中国呼吁各国携手行动，维护世界和平、促进共同发展，推动建设相互尊重、公平正义、合作共赢的新型国际关系，构建人类命运共同体。 Therefore, China calls on all countries in the world to join hands. Together, we can:
Safeguard world peace and promote common development; Shape a new type of international relations featuring mutual respect, fairness, justice and win-win cooperation; And build a community with a shared future for mankind.
第三个是“BACKER”，中国要做现行国际秩序的“支持者”。 Third, China will be a "backer" of the existing international order.
中国与世界的关系已发生了历史性变化，中国积极融入现行国际体系，参与了当今世界几乎所有重要政府间国际组织，签署了300多项国际公约，在全球治理体系中发挥着越来越重要的作用。当前，世界正处于重要十字路口，现行国际秩序面临重大挑战。在此形势下，中国没有迷惘，也没有退缩，而是站在历史发展进步的一边，更加坚定地倡导自由贸易，更加明确地反对保护主义，坚决维护以联合国为核心的多边体制，坚决维护以世贸组织为基础的多边贸易体系。当然，中国亦深知现行国际秩序并不完美，支持对相关国际机构、多边组织进行改革，但不赞同有的国家按照自己意愿对国际规则随意取舍。 The relationship between China and the world has seen historic changes as a result of China's vigorous integration with the existing international system. China has joined almost all the important inter-governmental organisations in the world and has signed more than 300 international conventions. It is playing an increasingly important role in the global governance system. The world has come to an important crossroads. The existing international order is facing severe challenges. China has not lost its way. China will not falter. China is looking forward, not backward, by firmly advocating free trade and opposing protectionism. China is upholding the multilateral regime with the UN at its core. China is safeguarding the multilateral trade system based on the WTO. Of course, the existing international order is not perfect. We know that all too well, and that's why we support reforms in the relevant international institutions and multilateral organisations. But we cannot agree with certain countries' cherry-picking international rules at will.
第四个是“BRI”，中国要将“一带一路”打造为各国合作共赢的重要平台。 Fourth, China will promote "BRI" as an important platform for win-win cooperation between all countries.
中国提出“一带一路”倡议，从根本上是为了解决发展不平衡、不可持续的问题，是中国经济发展到新阶段的必然选择，也是推进新一轮对外开放的重要抓手。“一带一路”坚持共商共建共享原则，这既符合中国和平发展、合作共赢的外交政策，也是推动构建人类命运共同体的重要尝试。 BRI stands for the Belt and Road Initiative. For China, proposing BRI is a natural step as its economy enters a new stage. It helps address China's own problems of imbalanced and unsustainable development. It is also an important measure in China's new round of opening up. BRI follows the principles of extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits. These principles are in line with China's foreign policy which advocates peaceful development and win-win cooperation. BRI is an important effort in building a community with a shared future for mankind.
该倡议提出5年来，得到世界各国普遍欢迎，已经成为当今世界最受欢迎的公共产品和最大规模的合作平台。目前已有150多个国家和国际组织与中国签署“一带一路”合作文件。2019年，中国对“一带一路”提出新的更高要求，将全力办好第二届“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛，集中推进一批重大项目，推动“一带一路”建设向着更高质量、更高标准、更高水平发展。 In the past five years since it was proposed, BRI has been warmly received around the world. It is now the world's most popular public goods and largest platform for cooperation. More than 150 countries and international organisations have signed agreements with China on BRI cooperation. In 2019, China will aim for higher goals in building BRI. We will do our best to make the second Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation a success. We will also push for progress in a number of key projects. These will ensure higher quality and higher standards at a higher level in BRI development.
女士们，先生们， Ladies and Gentlemen:
从我前面所讲的四个“P”和“B”，大家可以看到，中国人民是爱好和平的人民，中国是致力于和平发展的国家。中国正以满腔热忱拥抱世界，热情友好地和所有国家交朋友。我们也希望世界以同样的姿态回应中国。我高兴地看到，英国各界普遍认为中国发展对英国是机遇，英国民众对中国的好感度在西方大国中位居前列。但世界上还有国家将中国的发展视为威胁，甚至提出与中国进行“新冷战”，这种想法与世界大势背道而驰。正如一句西方谚语所说，“如果你手里拿着的是锤子，那你眼里看到的也只能是钉子。” I hope from the above four P's and four B's, you will see that the Chinese people are peace-loving people. China is a country that is committed to peaceful development. China wants to embrace the world and wishes to make friends with all countries. We hope that the world will respond in the same spirit. I am pleased to see that there is a broad consensus in Britain that China's development is an opportunity for the UK. I am also pleased that here in Britain, China enjoys a higher favourability rating than in most other major Western countries. To those who insist on calling China's development a threat, and even clamouring for a "new cold war", I would say that they are going against the trend of the times. For such a mind set, there could be no better description than this western saying, which goes, "If all you have is a hammer, everything looks like a nail."
“天下大势，浩浩荡荡，顺之者昌，逆之者亡”。在世界大变局中，只有保持开放包容，坚持合作共赢，才能把握历史发展大势，抓住历史变革机遇，共同推动人类社会发展进步。牛津剑桥两大名校桃李满天下，声誉遍全球。我衷心希望牛津剑桥俱乐部能发挥积极作用，增进世界对中国的了解，推动中英两国人民抓住历史机遇，携手书写中英关系“黄金时代”新篇章，共同为构建人类命运共同体做出贡献。 This reminds me of a famous saying by Dr. Sun Yat-sen, which goes, "The trend of the times moves on like a mighty river. It is our choice to go along and prosper, or go against it and perish". Now we are in the 21st century, faced with the profound changes in the world. Countries must go along with the historic trend by remaining open and inclusive, and engaging in win-win cooperation, seize the historic opportunities for reform, and achieve progress for all mankind. Oxford and Cambridge, as world-renowned, prestigious institutions, have outstanding alumni all over the world. I sincerely hope that the Oxford and Cambridge Club will play a positive role in helping the world understand China. I also hope that you will bring the people of our two countries along to seize the historic opportunities, work together to write a new chapter of the China-UK "Golden Era" and contribute to building a community with a shared future for mankind.
谢谢！ Thank you!
【小百科】
牛津剑桥俱乐部是由1821年成立的牛津大学俱乐部和1830年成立的剑桥大学俱乐部合并成立的，会员包括牛津大学和剑桥大学在校生和毕业生。现有会员4500人，遍布全球。
历史上，英国首相帕默斯顿、威灵顿公爵，诗人艾略特和小说家萨克雷等都曾是俱乐部会员。目前，英国女王丈夫爱丁堡公爵、查尔斯王储、丹麦女王玛格丽特二世、挪威国王哈拉尔五世、比利时国王菲利普等均为俱乐部荣誉会员。
该俱乐部定期邀请全球政商学界知名人士发表演讲，丹麦女王玛格丽特二世、挪威国王哈拉尔五世、英国司法大臣福尔克纳、皇家学会主席纳斯等曾在该俱乐部演讲。
（来源：中华人民共和国驻英国大使馆官网）
来源：中国驻英国大使馆官网
