Google-0729更新

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Editor’s Note: Today the CEOs of Google， Apple， Amazon and Facebook are testifying before the U.S. House Judiciary Subcommittee on Antitrust， Commercial， and Administrative Law. Read our CEO Sundar Pichai’s opening testimony below， describing how Google’s free products are helpful to people and small businesses， and how competition inspires us to innovate and create better products for everyone.

Thank you， Mr. Chairman， Ranking Member Sensenbrenner， and members of the Subcommittee. Before I start， I know this hearing was delayed because of the ceremonies to honor the life of your colleague， Representative John Lewis. Because of his courage， this world is a better place. He’ll be deeply missed.

At its heart， a discussion about competition is a discussion about opportunity. This has never been more important， as the global pandemic poses dual challenges to our health and our economy.

Expanding access to opportunity through technology is personal to me. I didn’t have much access to a computer growing up in India. So you can imagine my amazement when I arrived in the U.S. for graduate school and saw an entire lab of computers to use whenever I wanted.

Accessing the internet for the first time set me on a path to bring technology to as many people as possible. It inspired me to build Google’s first browser， Chrome. I’m proud that 11 years later， so many people experience the web through Chrome， for free.

Google takes pride in the number of people who choose our products; we’re even prouder of what they do with them … from the 140 million students and teachers using G Suite for Education to stay connected during the pandemic ... to the 5 million Americans gaining digital skills through Grow with Google … to all the people who turn to Google for help， from finding the fastest route home to learning how to cook a new dish on YouTube.

Google’s work would not be possible without the long tradition of American innovation， and we’re proud to contribute to its future. We employ more than 75，000 people in the U.S. across 26 states. The Progressive Policy Institute estimated that in 2018 we invested more than $20 billion in the U.S.， citing us as the largest capital investor in America that year， and one of the top five for the last three years.

One way we contribute is by building helpful products. Research found that free services like Search， Gmail， Maps， and Photos provide thousands of dollars a year in value to the average American. Many are small businesses using our digital tools to grow:

Stone Dimensions， a family-owned stone company in Pewaukee， Wisconsin， uses Google My Business to draw new customers.

Gil’s Appliances—a family-owned appliance store in Bristol， Rhode Island—credits Google Analytics with helping them reach customers online during the pandemic. Nearly one-third of small business owners say that without digital tools they would have had to close all or part of their business during COVID.

Another way we contribute is by being among the world’s biggest investors in research and development. At the end of 2019， our R&D spend had increased tenfold over 10 years， from $2.8 billion to $26 billion， and we’ve invested over $90 billion over the last five years. Our engineers are helping America remain a global leader in emerging technologies like artificial intelligence， self-driving cars， and quantum computing.

Just as America’s technology leadership is not inevitable， Google’s continued success is not guaranteed. New competitors emerge every day， and today users have more access to information than ever before. Competition drives us to innovate， and it also leads to better products， lower prices and more choices for everyone. For example， competition helped lower online advertising costs by 40 percent over the last decade， with savings passed down to consumers.

Open platforms like Android also support the innovation of others. Using Android， thousands of mobile operators build and sell their own devices， without paying any licensing fees to us. This has enabled billions of consumers to afford cutting-edge smartphones， some for less than $50. Whether building tools for small businesses or platforms like Android， Google succeeds when others succeed.

Competition also sets higher standards for privacy and security. I’ve always believed that privacy is a universal right， and Google is committed to keeping your information safe， treating it responsibly， and putting you in control， and we’ve long supported the creation of comprehensive federal privacy laws.

I’ve never forgotten how access to technology and innovation changed the course of my life. Google aims to build products that increase access to opportunity for everyone—no matter where you live， what you believe， or how much money you earn.

We are committed to doing this responsibly—in partnership with lawmakers—to ensure every American has access to the incredible opportunity technology creates.

Thank you.

编者按：今天，谷歌、苹果、亚马逊和Facebook的首席执行官们正在美国众议院反垄断、商业和行政法小组委员会作证。请阅读我们的首席执行官Sundar Pichai在下面的开场白，他描述了谷歌的免费产品是如何帮助人们和小企业的，以及竞争如何激励我们创新，为每个人创造更好的产品。

谢谢你，主席先生，资深成员森森布雷纳和小组委员会成员。在我开始之前，我知道听证会被推迟是因为纪念你的同事约翰·刘易斯众议员的生命。因为他的勇气，这个世界变得更美好。他会被深深地想念的。

从本质上讲，关于竞争的讨论就是关于机会的讨论。这是前所未有的重要，因为全球流行病对我们的健康和经济构成双重挑战。

通过技术扩大机会是我个人的事。在印度长大的我没有多少机会接触电脑。所以你可以想象当我到美国读研究生的时候，看到一整个实验室里的计算机随时可以使用，我感到很惊讶。

第一次上网让我走上了一条将科技带给尽可能多的人的道路。我是第一个创建Chrome浏览器的。我很自豪11年后，这么多人通过Chrome免费体验网络。

谷歌为众多选择我们产品的人感到骄傲；我们甚至为他们用这些产品做的事情感到骄傲……从1.4亿名使用G套件进行教育的学生和教师在大流行期间保持联系。。。为了500万通过谷歌成长而获得数字技能的美国人……还有所有向谷歌寻求帮助的人，从找到回家的最快路线到在YouTube上学习如何烹饪一道新菜。

没有美国悠久的创新传统，谷歌的工作就不可能实现，我们很自豪能为谷歌的未来做出贡献。我们在美国26个州雇佣了超过75000人。进步政策研究所（Progressive Policy Institute）估计，2018年，我们在美国的投资额超过200亿美元，是当年美国最大的资本投资国，也是过去三年前五大资本投资国之一。

我们贡献力量的一个方法就是开发有用的产品。研究发现，像搜索、Gmail、地图和照片这样的免费服务每年为普通美国人提供数千美元的价值。许多是小型企业，利用我们的数字工具实现增长：

Stone Dimensions是一家位于威斯康星州Pewaukee的家族式石材公司，它利用Google My Business吸引新客户。

Gil's Appliances是位于罗德岛布里斯托尔的一家家庭电器商店，它将谷歌分析归功于它在流感大流行期间帮助他们在线联系客户。近三分之一的小企业主表示，如果没有数字工具，他们将不得不在COVID期间关闭全部或部分业务。

我们的另一个贡献是成为世界上最大的研发投资商之一。到2019年底，我们的研发支出在10年内增长了10倍，从28亿美元增加到260亿美元，过去5年我们的投资超过900亿美元。我们的工程师正在帮助美国在人工智能、自动驾驶汽车和量子计算等新兴技术领域保持全球领先地位。

正如美国的技术领先地位并非不可避免，谷歌的持续成功也无法保证。新的竞争对手每天都在出现，而今天用户比以往任何时候都能获得更多的信息。竞争驱使我们创新，同时也为每个人带来更好的产品、更低的价格和更多的选择。例如，在过去的十年里，竞争帮助降低了40%的在线广告成本，节省下来的钱转嫁给了消费者。

像Android这样的开放平台也支持其他平台的创新。使用Android，成千上万的移动运营商制造和销售自己的设备，而不向我们支付任何许可费。这使得数以十亿计的消费者买得起尖端的智能手机，有些甚至不到50美元。无论是为小企业开发工具，还是为Android这样的平台，当其他人成功时，谷歌就会成功。

竞争也为隐私和安全设置了更高的标准。我一直相信隐私是一项普世权利，谷歌致力于保护你的信息安全，负责任地对待它，让你掌控一切，我们长期以来一直支持制定全面的联邦隐私法。

我从未忘记获得技术和创新如何改变了我的人生历程。谷歌的目标是为每个人创造更多的机会，无论你住在哪里，你相信什么，或者你挣了多少钱。

我们致力于与立法者合作，负责任地做到这一点，以确保每个美国人都能获得技术创造的难以置信的机会。

谢谢您。