因果关系是PET写作时最常用到的一种逻辑关系,然而表现因果关系的句子也最容易出现问法、修辞的错误。下面环美亚剑桥英语小编就来分析一下表示因果关系的句子中容易犯的错误,以及怎样才是符合文法、修辞要求的作法。
接下来,我们结合一些例子来进行总结:
状况一:
X错:The reason why he wouldn’t go to the wedding is because the bride was once his girlfriend.
这个句子的问法修辞问题不止一处。
首先,the reason和why同样表示“原因”,这种重复在修辞上不够经济,可省去关系词why,或者以连接词that取代,成为:
X错:The reason (that) he wouldn’t go to the wedding is because the bride was once his girlfriend.
这样修改之后仍不理想,原因之一是the reason和because仍然重复表达“原因”,应再精简。如果把the reason去掉,成为:
X错:He wouldn’t go to the wedding is because the bride was once his girlfriend.
如此虽然解决了重复的问题,可是仍不理想,主要是because the bride was once his girlfriend这个子句却在be动词后面作主语补语使用,这是文法上的错误。亦即,because引导的副词子句不应该放在be动词后面的补语位置,前者为果、后者为因的“因果关系”。要表达这种关系,最直接了当的改为:
PET攻略
√He wouldn’t go to the wedding because the bride was once his girlfriend.
或者:
√The reason He wouldn’t go to the wedding is that the bride was once his girlfriend.
比较这两句,可发现前者比较简洁(字数较少),这是它的优点。后者虽然字数较多,可是能够发挥加强预期的功能(强调他不去的原因何在)。既然有特殊的修辞功能,就不能说是冗长,因而也是一个可能的选择。
状况二:
X错:The electric car is not yet a practical alternative to the gasoline car, the reason being that there are not many charging stations around.
这个句子中,the reason being that...是because the reason is that的简化。他的主语the reason与the electric car不同,所以再简化时要保留。这种处理方式在问法上是正确的。然而从修辞上来看,the reason being that...稍显冗长,不如用because来取代:
√The electric car is not yet a practical alternative to the gasoline car, (the reason being…) because there are not many charging stations around.
状况三:
X错:The crop failed due to excessive rain in the final weeks before harvest.
这个句子不好,因为此类有错误。Due的词性是形容词,英文的形容词是用来修饰名词的,只有两种位置可以使用:1. 名词片语中,例如in due time(到了恰当的时间);2. 补语位置,例如The books are due.(书到期该换了)在上面的句子中,用形容词片语due to...来修饰动词failed的原因,是误把形容词当副词用,属于问法错误。可以这样改:
√The crop failed was due to excessive rain in the final weeks before harvest.
以上就是环美亚剑桥英语小编为大家整理的关于PET写作中常见因果表达总结,希望对大家有所帮助。更多pet考试时间、pet考试成绩查询等问题可以咨询我们。
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