新概念英语核心单词
全套全析全解全集（第2册第3课）
英语逆袭从单词开始, 所有的英语语言考试，包括中高考托福雅思等，都是词汇量为王，核心单词为灵魂。只要拥有足够的词汇量，并且掌握了核心单词即可轻松逆袭英语。欢迎走进大嘴英，助力你实现英语逆袭。别忘赞赏！
Lesson 3（带★者为高频核心词汇）
★1. send [send] v.寄，送
2. postcard ['pəustkɑ:d] n.明信片
★3. spoil [spɔil] v.使索然无味，损坏
★4. museum[mju:'ziəm] n.博物馆
★5. public ['pʌblik] a.公共的
★6. friendly ['frendli] a.友好的
7. waiter ['weitə] n.服务员，招待员
★8. lend [lend] v.借给
★9. decision [di'siʒən] n.决定
★10. whole [həul] a.整个的
★11. single ['siŋgəl] a.唯一的，单一的
第二册 Lesson 3 （共11个生词）
★1. send [send] v.寄，送A. [及物动词T]send , sent , sent, sends , sending 邮寄to cause something to go from one place to another, especially by post 送；发送；（尤指）邮寄
B. [接双宾语 objectcomplement two objects]
1. I'll send her a letter/fax/parcel/postcard next week. 我下周要给她寄信／发传真／寄包裹／寄明信片。
2. We'll send it by post/airmail/sea. 我们将用邮政／航空／海运的方式发送。
3. Could you send a reply to them as quickly as possible. 你能否尽快给他们回信？
4. The news report was sent by satellite. 这份新闻报道是用卫星传送的。
5. She sent a message with John to say that she couldn't come. 她让约翰捎信说自己不能来了。
6. They sent her flowers for her birthday. 他们送花给她祝贺她的生日。
7. Maggie sends her love and hopes you'll feel better soon. 玛吉问候你，希望你早日康复。
C. send , sent , sends , sending CAUSE TO GO 使走, 送走；派遣
cause or order someone to go and do something [接带复合宾语 to infinitive]
1. We're sending the children to stay with my parents for a couple of weeks. 我们要把孩子送去和我的父母住上几个星期。
2. They have asked us to send reinforcements. 他们要我们派增援部队。
3. They've sent their son (away) to school in Scotland. 他们已经把儿子送到苏格兰上学。
4. He was trying to explain but she became impatient and sent him away (= told him to leave). 他试图解释，但她不耐烦起来，把他打发走了。
D. 使发生to cause someone or something to do a particular thing, or to cause something to happen 使做…；使发生
1. The explosion sent the crowd into a panic. 爆炸使人群恐慌起来。
2. Watching the television always sends me to sleep. 看电视总会让我睡着。
[接带形容词的宾语补足语 adj]
1. His untidiness sends her crazy/mad/wild. 他的邋遢让她大为恼火。
[ 接动词ing形式作宾语补足语 -ing verb]
2. The announcement of the fall in profits sent the company's share price going down (= caused it to go down a lot). 利润下降的公告使公司的股价大幅下跌。
3. The fan sent papers flying all over the room. 电扇的风吹得文件满屋乱飞。
E. 固定搭配
1. send them packing，means to ask someone to leave immediately 撵走（某人）；赶走（某人）
There were some kids at the door asking for money but I sent them packing. 门口有几个孩子要钱，但我把他们撵走了。
2. send word, means to send a message 送口信，传话
She sent word with her secretary that she would be unable to attend the meeting. 她让秘书转告说她无法出席会议。
3. sending sth back : to return something to the person who sent it to you, especially because it is damaged or not suitable 退回，退掉（尤指破损或不合适之物）
I had to send the shirt back because it didn't fit me. 我不得不把衬衫退掉，因为我穿不合身。
4. send sb down , sending sb down US send sb up, to send someone to prison 将（某人）关入监狱
He was sent down for armed robbery. 他因持枪抢劫被判入狱。
She was sent down for three years. 她被判入狱3年。
5. sends for sb , sending for sb to send someone a message asking them to come to see you 请（某人）来
Do you think we should send for a doctor? 你觉得我们应该去请医生吗？
6. sends off/away for/to sth , sending off/away for/to sth- to write to an organization or place to ask them to send you something 写信索要
I've sent off for a catalogue. 我已经写信索要目录。
We had to send off to London for a replacement part. 我们只得写信到伦敦索要替换零件。
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2. postcard ['pəustkɑ:d] n.明信片a card, often with a photograph or picture on one side, which can be sent without an envelope 明信片
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spoil,作动词，不规则动词spoiled or spoilt, spoiled or spoilt , spoils , spoiling 破坏
A. [及物动词T] to destroy or reduce the pleasure, interest or beauty of something 破坏；糟蹋；毁掉
1. He tried not to let the bad news spoil his evening. 他努力不让那个坏消息破坏他晚上的兴致。
2. The oil spill has spoilt the whole beautiful coastline. 溢出的石油破坏了整段漂亮的海岸线。
3. I haven't seen the film, so don't spoil it for me by telling me what happens. 我还没看那部电影，所以别把内容告诉我，以免坏了我的兴致。
4. Peaceful summer evenings can be spoilt by mosquitoes.宁静的夏夜可能会被蚊子破坏掉。
5. You'll spoil your appetite for dinner if you have a cake now. 你要是现在吃蛋糕的话，就没胃口吃晚饭了。
B. [不及物动词，或及物动词I or T] When food spoils or is spoilt, it is no longer good enough to eat （使）（食物）变质，（使）变坏
1. The dessert will spoil if you don't keep it in the fridge. 如果你不把甜点放在冰箱里，它会坏掉的。
C. [及物动词T] UK specialized to mark a ballot paper so that it cannot be officially counted as a vote 使（选票）作废
1. Since she supported none of the candidates, she spoiled her ballot paper. 几个候选人她哪个都不支持，因此她把选票作废了。
D. [及物动词T] to treat someone very or too well, especially by being extremely generous （尤指极其慷慨地）宠爱，溺爱，纵容
1. When I'm feeling miserable I go shopping and spoil myself - a couple of new dresses always make me feel better. 我心情糟糕的时候，就会去购物放纵一下自己——买上几件新衣服总会让我感觉好些。
2. Spoil yourself with a new perfume this summer. 今年夏天买瓶新香水慰劳一下自己吧。
E. [及物动词T] to allow a child to behave exactly as it wants to, usually so that it becomes selfish and does not care for and show respectto other people 溺爱，娇惯；宠坏
1. He looks like a spoilt child. 他看起来像个宠坏了的孩子。
2. Spare the rod and spoil the child.省了棍子，惯坏了孩。
spoil sb，to do whatever someone wants you to do or to give them anything they want 惯坏（做某人要你做的任何事情，或给他们想要的任何东西）
1. The children are spoiled rotten by their grandparents. 这些孩子们被爷爷奶奶惯坏了。
2. It's important not to let mistakes spoil your life. 重要的是不要让错误毁了你的生活。
3. Grandparents are often tempted to spoil their grandchildren whenever they come to visit. 祖父母每次来访都往往禁不住要娇惯孙辈。
F. [不可数名词，U] earth, stones, etc. dug out from a hole in the ground （开掘时挖出的）废土，废石方
There used to be a spoil heap.过去那里有个弃土堆。
G. spoils [plural] formal, goods, advantages, profits, etc. that you get by your actions or because of your position or situation 战利品，掠夺物；权力地位的连带利益，获益
1. The spoils of victory/war included amounts of treasure and armour. 胜利／战争的战利品包括大量的财物和盔甲。
2. True to military tradition, the victors are now treating themselves to the spoils of war. 按照军事惯例，胜者正在分享战利品。
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4. museum [mju:'ziəm] n.博物馆museum is noun, a building where objects of historical, scientific or artistic interest are kept 博物馆，博物院
a museum of modern art 现代艺术博物馆
the Natural History Museum 自然历史博物馆
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A. relating to or involving people in general, rather than being limited to a particular group of people
1. Public opinion (= the opinions of most people) has turned against him. 民意已不再支持他了。
2. Is it really in the public interest (= useful to people) to publish this information? 公布这一消息真的对大众有利吗？
3. We need to increase public awareness of the disease of COVID-19. 我们需要增强公众对这种新冠肺炎疾病的认识。
4. The government has had to bow to public pressure on the issue. 在这一问题上，政府不得不在舆论压力下作出让步。
5. The information only became public after his death. 这一消息在他死后才公诸于世。
6. The results will not be made public (= told to everyone) until tomorrow. 结果要到明天才会公布。
7. We will not go public with (= tell people in general) the results until tomorrow. 我们要到明天才会公布结果。
B. provided by the government from taxes to be available to everyone公立的，公共的
public funds/services/spending公共基金／事业／开支
public buildings公共建筑物
a public library公共图书馆
He is unlikely to hold public office (= have an important job in national or local government).他不太可能担任政府要职。
C. 地点 describes a place where a lot of people are人很多的
It's too public here - let's go back to my room to talk.这里人太多，我们回我房间说吧。
be in the public eye to be famous and written about in newspapers and magazines and seen on television （在报刊、电视上）频频出现；广为人知
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C. noun [U] [ sing/pl verb]public1 the publicall ordinary people 公众，大众
1. The public has a right to know about this.公众有权知道这件事。
2. The palace and its grounds are open to the public (= people can visit) during the summer months. 在夏天的几个月里，这座宫殿及其庭院向公众开放。
3. When will the product be available to the general public (= all ordinary people)? 普通大众什么时候能买到这种产品？Members of the public were asked about their shopping habits.一些公众被问到他们的购物习惯。
D. the group of people who are involved with you or your organization, especially in a business relationship （尤指存在商业关系的）大众
Newspapers publish these outrageous stories because they know what their public wants.报纸刊登这些耸人听闻的报道是因为他们知道读者想要看些什么。
E. in publicin a place where people can see you 公开地，当众
I'd never behave like that in public.我在公共场合绝不会那样。
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friendly. adjective, friendlier , friendliest
A. behaving in a pleasant, kind way towards someone : 友好的，友善的
a friendly face/smile: 友好的面容／微笑
Our neighbours have always been very friendly to/towards us. 我们的邻居们一直对我们很友好。
I'm on quite friendly terms with my daughter's teacher. 我和我女儿的老师关系处得很不错。
Are you friendly with (= a friend of) Graham?CN: 你跟格雷厄姆是朋友嗎？CNS: 你跟格雷厄姆是朋友吗？
B. describes a place that is pleasant and that makes you feel happy and comfortable（某处）舒适的，令人愉快的
It's a friendly little restaurant. 那是一家让人感觉很舒适的小饭馆。
C. A friendly game or argument is one which you play or have for pleasure and in order to practise your skills, rather than playingor arguing seriously with the aim of winning: （比赛或辩论）友谊的，非对抗的
We were having a friendly argument about Green politics.我们就关注环保的政治主张进行了一番友好的辩论。
The teams are playing a friendly match on Sunday.两队将在周日进行一场友谊赛。
D. Friendly countries and friendly soldiers are ones who are not your enemies and who are working or fighting with you.（国家）友好的；（士兵）友军的
friendly友谊赛 [U]noun [C]friendly , friendlies
a game which is played for enjoyment and in order to practise, not with the aim of winning points as part of a serious competition
The club has a friendly next week against the Giants. 该俱乐部下星期要和巨人队打一场友谊赛。
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waiter/ [C] a waiter is a man whose job is to bring the food to customers at their tables in a restaurant （餐馆的）男侍者，男服务员；
waitress 女服务员
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★8. lend [lend] v.借给，借出，不规则动词lend，verb，lent, lent , lends , lending
A. 借出，借给[及物动词T] to give something to someone for a short period of time, expecting it to be given back
[跟双宾语objectcomplement two objects]
She doesn't like lending her books.她不喜欢把书借给别人。
If you need a coat I can lend you one/lend one to you.你如果需要外衣，我可以借给你一件。
B. lend贷（款），放贷（给某人）
[I or T] If a bank or other organization lends money, it gives money to someone who agrees that they will pay the money back in the future, usually with extra money added to the original amount
The bank refuses to lend to students. 银行拒绝向学生们发放贷款。
[跟双宾语 objectcomplement two objects]
The bank agreed to lend him $5000.银行同意贷给他5000美元。
lend增添，添加
If something lends a particular quality to something else, it adds that quality to it
[ objectcomplement two objects]
1. Vases of flowers all around the room lent the place a cheerful look/lent a cheerful look to the place. 几瓶花给这个房间增添了一些欢乐的气氛。
2. These events lend support to the view that the law is inadequate. 这些事件进一步证明了法律还不健全的观点。
习惯用语固定搭配
1. lend itself to sth 适合于，formalIf something lends itself to something else, it is suitable for that thing or can be considered in that way
The novel's complex, imaginative style does not lend itself to translation. 小说复杂而充满想象力的风格无法翻译出来。
2. lend your name to sth支持，拥护: to give something your support
Some of the world's top dancers have lent their names to the project. 一些世界顶级舞蹈家都支持这个项目。
3. lend an ear 聆听，倾听，old-fashioned to listen to someone with sympathy
Claire's always one to lend a sympathetic ear if you have problems. 你有什么问题时，克莱尔总是乐于倾听。
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a choice that you make about something after thinking about several possibilities 决定；决策；选择
1. She has had to make some very difficult decisions. 她必须作出某些非常艰难的决定。
2. The company will reach/come to/make a decision shortly. 公司将很快作出决定。
3. Let me have a/your decision (= Tell me what you have decided) by next week. 下周前把你的决定告诉我。
[后跟不定式 to infinitive]
1. It was his decision to leave.: 是他决定离开的。
2. The decision about/on whether he is innocent or guilty rests with the jury.他是否有罪要由陪审团来裁决。
3. We need to take a lot of factors into account in our decision-making. 我们决策时要考虑很多因素。
[后跟 that同位语从句 ]
I accepted his decision that he wished to die with dignity. 他希望死得有尊严，我同意他的选择。
果断，干脆；决断（力）decision ，approving the ability to decide quickly and without pausing because you are not certain
She acted with decision, closing the bank account and phoning the police. 她采取果断行动，冻结了银行账户并打电话报了警。
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whole, adjective
A. whole, complete or not divided全部的；整个的；整体的
1. I spent the whole day cleaning.我整天都在打扫卫生。
2. There's still a whole month till my birthday. 离我的生日还有整整1个月时间。
3. After my exercise class, my whole body ached.体育课之后，我浑身都疼。
4. The whole town was destroyed by the earthquake. 地震将整个城镇都摧毁了。
5. This whole thing (= situation) is ridiculous. 这一切太荒谬了。
6. She does nothing but cry the whole time (= all the time). 她一直在大哭。
7. You have to stand up in court and promise to tell 'the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth'. 你必须站在法庭上宣誓：“事实，全部事实，只有事实。”
8. Her dance compositions added a whole (= completely) new dimension to the contemporary dance repertoire.她的舞蹈作品为现代舞剧目增添了全新的内容。
B. informal used to emphasize somethingCN: （用於表示強調）CNS: （用于表示强调）
1 I've got a whole heap of work to do this afternoon.CN: 我今天下午有一大堆工作要做。CNS: 我今天下午有一大堆工作要做。
2. The new computers are a whole lot (= much) 新计算机的速度要快得多了。
彻底地做…；贯彻到底go the whole hog to do something as completely as possible
Having already limited local taxation, why not go the whole hog and abolish it completely? 既然已经对地方征税进行了限制，那为什么不进行到底，彻底将它废除了呢？
whole 用作名词，noun [C usually singular]whole , wholes
1. a complete thing全部；整体；全体
Two halves make a whole. 两个一半构成一个整体。
You must consider each problem as an aspect of the whole. 你必须把每个问题作为整体的一个方面来考虑。
2. the whole of sth，all of something 整个…
I'll be on holiday the whole of next week.下周一整周我都要休假。
The whole of his finger was bruised.他整根手指都肿了。
The whole of the village (= Everyone in the village) had come out for the party. 全村人都来参加聚会了。
习惯用语idiom
总体上；整个看来as a whole when considered as a group and not in parts
The population as a whole is getting healthier.总体看来，居民的健康状况正在改善。
on the whole，generally总的来说；整体上讲
We have our bad times but on the whole we're fairly happy. 我们有过糟糕的时期，但整体上来说还是相当快乐的。
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A. single，作形容词adjective [用于名词之前before noun] one only 单一的，仅有一个的
1. He knocked his opponent down with a single blow. 他仅用一拳就打倒了对手。
2. Not a single person offered to help her.没有一个人主动出来帮她。
3. You haven't been listening to a single word I've been saying. 我说的你连一个字都没听进去。
B. single 单身的，未婚的NOT MARRIED:没有结婚的not married, or not having a romantic relationship with someone
1. a single woman/man/person 单身女子／未婚男人／单身者
2. He's been single for so long now,so I don't think he'll ever marry. 他这么长时间一直单身，我认为他永远不会结婚了。
3. The number of single-parent families dependent on the state has risen enormously in recent years.近年来，依靠国家救济的单亲家庭数量急剧增加。
C. single 唯一的，分开的, [用在名词前面作定语 before noun] considered on its own; separate from other things:
1. Patience is the single most important quality needed for this job. 耐心是这项工作需要的一个最重要的品质。
2. She lost every single thing when her house burned down. 她的房子被烧毁以后，她失去了所有的一切。
D. single,作动词verb 不及物动词
动词短语
singled sb/sth out（为给予批评、表扬等）单独挑出，to choose one person or thing from a group for special attention, especially criticism or praise
1. It's not fair the way my sister is always singled out for special treatment. 我妹妹总是受到特殊照顾，这不公平。
2. Jack was excited when the teacher singled out his composition and asked him to read it out. 老师挑出杰克的作文并让他自己朗读时，杰克非常激动。
E. singles [plural]people who are not married and do not have a romantic relationship with someone单身者，未婚者
F. single (ticket)UK a ticket for a journey to a place, but not for the return 单程票
May I have a single to London, please. 请给我一张去伦敦的单程票。
G. a single room 单人间
