模块化可持续设计实践 | 齿轮花园（花园建设者）

景观设计：大小营造

项目地点：中国，德阳

景观面积：300㎡

建成时间：2023

Landscape Design: Atelier Scale Fabrication Lab

Project Location: DeYang, China

Landscape Area:300㎡

Completion Year: 2023

缘起

Origin

△ 大小景观作品浪花园

浪花园与漩花园，是两座低成本、可回收的展示花园。它们的创作源于大小对国内花展/园林展的观察和反思。在短短两个月的展览期中，浪花园和漩花园受到了公众的高度认可和喜爱，最令设计者兴奋的是，漩花园实现了花园材料的回收与再利用，两座花园在专业领域也屡获殊荣。这种设计思考与实践方式，也逐渐被政府相关部门了解和认可，并相继邀请设计团队参与到他们的展园创作中，齿轮花园就是我们这种可持续设计思考的再一次实践。

The Wave and the Vortex are two low-cost and recyclable display gardens. Their creation originated from observations and reflections on domestic flower shows and garden exhibitions. In just two months of exhibition, Wave Garden and Vortex Garden were highly recognized and loved by the public. What excited the team the most was that the Vortex achieved the recycling and reuse of garden materials, and both gardens have also won numerous awards in the professional field. This design thinking and practice have gradually been understood and recognized by government departments, who have invited us to participate in their garden shows. The Gear Garden is another practice of the team’s sustainable design thinking.

△ 2023年的齿轮花园©鲁冰

△ 由六边形种植模块组成的齿轮花园©鲁冰

一座由齿轮组成的花园

A Garden Made of Gears

德阳是国家大工业建设基地，也是四川最早的工业区之一。我们在研究德阳在地文化的过程中发现，二重（中国第二重型机械集团）是属于德阳市民的独家记忆，历史的工业基因在这座城市随处可见，它们已深植于市民的日常生活之中。

Deyang is a national industrial base and one of the earliest industrial areas in Sichuan. In our research on Deyang's local culture, the team discovered that ErZhong (China Second Heavy Machinery Group) is an special memory of Deyang citizens. The historical industrial genes are visible in this city, and they have been deeply rooted in the daily lives of citizens.

△ 2023年齿轮花园©鲁冰

齿轮花园延续了我们之前可回收花园的模块化设计手法。模块的基因源自于德阳这座老工业城市，我们提取其中的齿轮元素，并将其转化成边长500mm直径1000mm的六边形模块,这样的形状为设计过程中对道路与休憩空间的尺度搭建，以及后期施工阶段的定位及摆放均提供了便利。

The Gear Garden continues the team’s previous modular design approach for recyclable gardens. The module typology comes from Deyang, an old industrial city. We extracted the gear elements and transformed them into hexagonal modules with a side length of 500mm and a diameter of 1000mm. This shape provides convenience for the scale construction of roads and resting spaces in the design process, as well as the positioning and placement in the later construction stage.

△ 模块功能由它不停变化的高度所决定，在场地中变化成道路、座椅、种植池©鲁冰

△ 仿若洞穴的花园空间里，光影成为了主角©鲁冰

一座锈迹斑驳的花园

A Heavily Rusty Garden

在最初的模块材质选择上，我们首选了耐候钢，我们认为唯有耐候钢这种厚重的质感才能完整表达这座城市的历史与精神。但由于成本控制的原因，我们必须寻找一种能够替代它的低成本材料。经过对市面上的锈工艺大量的调查和研究以及在工厂反复多次的材料试验，终于得到了既有耐候钢质感，又能很好控制成本的材料——我们通过在特殊处理过的镀锌钢板表面喷涂铁粉和反应剂快速生成锈迹，迅速达成锈钢板的最佳展示效果。

In the initial module material selection, we preferred corten steel. The team believe that only the heavy texture of weathering steel can fully express the history and spirit of this city. However, due to cost control reasons, the team had to find a low-cost material that could replace it. After a lot of investigation and research on rust craft on the market and multiple material tests in the factory, the team finally found a material that has the texture of weathering steel and can control costs well. Through spraying iron powder on the surface of specially treated galvanized steel plates and reacted quickly to generate rust marks, the material achieved the best display effect of rusted steel plates.

△ 在工厂做好防锈处理后，油漆师傅现场做锈©陈翔

△ 装置表面铁锈的反应过程©陈翔

△ 在种植盒锈反应的过程中，我们发现它很像王希孟的千里江山图©陈翔

一座快速建造的花园

Fast-constructed Garden

从入场建造到花园开放，仅仅用了20天的时间。这也进一步印证了模块化建造的优势：快速实现设计想法，精确控制质量和成本。

From construction entry to garden opening, it only took 20 days. This further confirms the advantages of modular construction: rapid realization of design ideas, precise control of quality and cost.

施工入场后，我们发现现状场地为一块有一米高差的坡地，在汲取漩花园建造经验的基础上，我们快速决定在顶部装置主体支撑柱落位之后，其余模块只需顺应地势排布即可，不再对场地做过多的干预。

After entering the construction site, the team found that the current site was a slope with a height difference of one meter. Based on the experience of building the Vortex, the team quickly decided that after the main support column of the device was installed at the top, the remaining modules only needed to be arranged according to the terrain, without too much intervention in the site.

△ 齿轮花园顶部装置的施工过程©陈翔

△ 工人快速的将道路模块与种植模块在场地中顺应地势布好©陈翔

△ 植物种植与花园出入口道路模块高度的调整同步进行©陈翔

一座产生共鸣的花园

A Garden with Resonance

在花园的建造过程中，有一位路过的老人停留并观察了很久，他告诉我们：看着这座花园，让他想起了自己曾经在工厂上班的日子。一座锈迹斑驳的花园能够体现出一座城市的气质。很荣幸也很开心我们锈迹斑驳的齿轮花园，能让这座城市曾经的建设者们产生共鸣。

During the construction of the garden, an elderly passerby stopped and observed for a long time. He told the team that looking at this garden reminded him of the days when he used to work in the factory. A rusty garden can reflect the temperament of a city. The team were honored and happy that this rusty Gear Garden can resonate with the builders of this city.

△ 忆往昔的老者©鲁冰

△ 齿轮花园旁路过的儿童©鲁冰

△ 齿轮花园旁路过的儿童、中年人、老人©鲁冰

我们将齿轮花园视作一件连结设计师和老百姓的作品。创作与建造的过程是专业的，而花园的使用与欣赏则属于老百姓的。对设计师来说，最幸福的反馈是设计者与使用者之间的默契与共鸣。

The team regard the Gear Garden as a work that connects designers and ordinary people. The process of creation and construction is professional, while the use and appreciation of the garden belong to the ordinary people. For designers, the happiest feedback is the tacit understanding and resonance between the designer and the user.

△ 热情高涨的阿姨们摆出各种拍照的POSE©鲁冰

一次记录真实的拍摄

A Real Documentation

为齿轮花园拍摄照片的鲁冰老师，在与我们的选片交流中说道：我选片的原则并不是把美放在第一位的，照片的故事性、参与性、社会意义是我比较看重的。照片的构图、光影、色彩等等都只是辅助和技法。我们对这样的观点深表认同，于是我们决定不对原片进行任何修饰处理和美化，而是直接予以发布，以最真实的画面展现出齿轮花园带给参观者们的不同体验感。

Lu Bing, the photographer who took photos for the Gear Garden, said "my principle of selecting photos is not to put beauty in the first place. I value the story, user participation, and social significance of the photos more. The composition, light and shadow, color, and so on are only auxiliary and techniques." Agreeing with this point of view, the team decided not to modify or beautify the original photos, but to directly publish them, showing the different experiences that the Gear Garden brings to visitors with the most authentic images.

△ 人们驻足、观赏、互动、休憩©鲁冰

一次种植设计的实验

A Planting Experiment

如果硬景设计需要做到精确的话，那软景设计则是相对精确。在形成关键的空间氛围与结构后，我们可以随时应对突发状况，做出战术性地调整。因此，我们的植物设计从前期到落地，不会纠结单个品种的存在，以及单株植物摆放的位置。

If hardscape design needs to be precise, then softscape design is relatively precise. After forming the key spatial atmosphere and structure, the team can respond to emergencies and make tactical adjustments at any time. Therefore, the planting design from the early stage to the final implementation will not be entangled with the existence of individual species or the placement of individual plants.

△ 矗立在夕阳下的齿轮花园©鲁冰

齿轮花园的植物设计会优先考虑植物群落结构的稳定性和可控性。在选择符合场地生境相对稳定的木本植物和多年生植物作为群落骨架后，我们会根据现场具体情况进行添加和调配，比如让人眼前一亮的惊喜植物，或是不显眼的打底植物，抑或是不在花期的低调植物。我们用这种方法使植物在更长的时间维度上富有变化。

The planting design of the Gear Garden will prioritize the stability and controllability of the plant community structure. After selecting woody plants and perennials that are relatively stable in the site habitat as the community framework, the team will add and adjust according to the specific situation on site, such as adding eye-catching surprise plants, inconspicuous base plants, or low-key plants that are not in the flowering period. The team used this method to make the plants rich in changes over a longer time dimension.

△ 齿轮花园的植物设计©鲁冰

△ 齿轮花园的植物设计©陈翔

由于前期植物方案的确定和组团群落结构的搭建，具体的植物品种成了相对灵活机动的部分。这让我们有更多的机会尝试新的植物运用，并进行新的排列、组合，碰撞出的新效果，同时这为我们后期在结合现场具体的不同情况做出的植物调整提供了巨大的便利。例如当地缺货的苗源或当地受季节影响价格波动较大的品类，我们可以在前期搭建的植物框架的基础上，根据颜色、质感、高度等快速找到替换。

Due to the determination of the early plant scheme and the construction of the group community structure, the specific plant species have become a relatively flexible and maneuverable part. This gives the team more opportunities to try new plant species and different plant arrangements and combinations, and the new effects generated by collisions. At the same time, this provides great convenience for the team to make plant adjustments in combination with specific on-site conditions in the later stage. For example, for local scarce species or species with large price fluctuations due to seasonal influences, the team can quickly find replaceable species based on the plant framework built in the early stage according to color, texture, height, and other factors.