vim基本操作
移动光标
下面操作均需处在一般模式（默认的模式）下：
- h j k l 分别为“左”“下”“上”“右”
- 翻半页：Ctrl d(d for down)，Ctrl u(u for up)。
- 翻一页：Ctrl f(f for front)，Ctrl b(b for back)。
- gg表示移到到首行。
- G表示移动到尾行。
- nG(n指的是数字)表示移动到第n行；一般用于根据程序错误提示信息进行 bug fix。
- 0表示移到光标所在行的行首； $表示移动到光标所在行的行尾。
复制剪切粘贴
- 按yy复制光标所在行。
- 按dd剪切光标所在行，如果光剪切不粘贴，那就相当于删除。
- 按p将复制/剪切的内容粘贴至光标后，因为光标是在具体字符的位置上，所以实际是在该字符的后面；整行的复制粘贴在游标的下一行。
v模式相关
- 按v切换到“高亮选择模式”，移动光标进行选择。
- 在v模式下，按y(y for yank)复制高亮选择的内容。
- 在v模式下，按d剪切高亮选择的内容，如果光剪切不粘贴，那就相当于删除。
撤销、重做
以下仅讨论vim下的操作（vi的操作稍有不同）：
- 按u进行撤销，可多次撤销。
- 按Ctrl r(r for redo)进行重做，可多次重做。
进入编辑模式
下面所有操作均需在一般模式下执行：
- i，在当前光标所在字符前插入。
- o，在当前光标所在行的下一行插入新的一行。
- O，在当前光标所在行的上一行插入新的一行。
查找和替换字符串
下面所有操作均需在一般模式下执行：
- /word，向下查找一个字符串word，查找后按n看下一匹配结果，按N看上一匹配结果。
- ?word，向上查找一个字符串word，查找后按n看下一匹配结果，按N看上一匹配结果。
- :s/word1/word2/g，查找word1并替换为word2，/g表示全文替换，不加则只替换每行的第一个匹配项。
- :n1,n2s/word1/word2/g，在n1和n2行之间查找word1并替换为word2，其中n1、n2皆可取数字，另外n2可取$表示最后一行。
行号相关
- :set nu表示显示行号。
- :set nonu表示不显示行号。
保存及退出
- :w，保存文本。
- :q，退出vim。
- :w!，强制保存，在root用户下，即使文本只读也可以完成保存。
- :q!，强制退出，所有改动不生效。
- :wq，保存并退出。
vim插件
下载Vundle
$ git clone https://github.com/VundleVim/Vundle.vim.git ~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim
配置插件
$ vim ~/.vimrc set nocompatible " be iMproved, required filetype off " required set rtp =~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim call vundle#begin() Plugin 'VundleVim/Vundle.vim' Plugin 'tpope/vim-fugitive' Plugin 'git://git.wincent.com/command-t.git' Plugin 'file:///home/gmarik/path/to/plugin' Plugin 'rstacruz/sparkup', {'rtp': 'vim/'} call vundle#end() " required filetype plugin indent on " required
安装插件
复制
$ vim :PluginInstall
或者
复制
$ vim PluginInstall qall
然后会出现如下图一样的界面
然后慢慢等！慢慢等！慢慢等！这里敲黑板，画圈圈记起来，笔者当年就是进入这个界面一脸懵逼发现不会动就Ctrl C了，然后就以为自己配置失败了 o_O。
仔细看，最左边正在安装的有个>符号，新增的插件有个 符号，左下角的英文也是已经相当明白了！
一键安装？
没错，我知道你懒，所以这里提供了一键安装，移步这里一键安装
- 将我的仓库拉到你的本地
$ git clone https://github.com/yiranzai/oh-my-zsh.git ~/.oh-my-zsh
- 安装
$ cd ~/.oh-my-zsh $ ./install.sh -----------------------------warning------------------------- | The installation is successful, please execute | | source ~/.zshrc | -------------------------------end---------------------------
该脚本会安装vim,配置zshrc/vimrc
这里贴出我的配置
$ vim ~/.vimrc set nocompatible " be iMproved, required filetype off " required " set the runtime path to include Vundle and initialize set rtp =~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim call vundle#begin() " alternatively, pass a path where Vundle should install plugins "call vundle#begin('~/some/path/here') " let Vundle manage Vundle, required Plugin 'VundleVim/Vundle.vim' " NERD-tree Plugin 'scrooloose/nerdtree' Plugin 'majutsushi/tagbar' Plugin 'fholgado/minibufexpl.vim' Plugin 'godlygeek/tabular' Plugin 'plasticboy/vim-markdown' Plugin 'jeroenbourgois/vim-actionscript' Plugin 'cespare/mxml.vim' Plugin 'vim-scripts/xmledit' Plugin 'msanders/cocoa.vim' Plugin 'Yggdroot/indentLine' Plugin 'tfnico/vim-gradle' Plugin 'adragomir/javacomplete' Plugin 'scrooloose/syntastic' Plugin 'flazz/vim-colorschemes' Plugin 'molok/vim-smartusline' Plugin 'bpdp/vim-java' Plugin 'mattn/emmet-vim' Plugin 'vim-airline/vim-airline' Plugin 'vim-airline/vim-airline-themes' " All of your Plugins must be added before the following line call vundle#end() " required filetype plugin indent on " required " To ignore plugin indent changes, instead use: "filetype plugin on " " Brief help " :PluginList - lists configured plugins " :PluginInstall - installs plugins; append `!` to update or just :PluginUpdate " :PluginSearch foo - searches for foo; append `!` to refresh local cache " :PluginClean - confirms removal of unused plugins; append `!` to auto-approve removal " " see :h vundle for more details or wiki for FAQ " Put your non-Plugin stuff after this line "============================================================================= " General settings "============================================================================= highlight OverLength ctermbg=blue ctermfg=white set colorcolumn=120 set nocp " Tab related set ts=4 set sw=4 set smarttab set et set ambiwidth=double " Format related set tw=0 set lbr set fo =mB " Indent related set cin set ai set cino=:0g0t0(susj1 " Editing related set backspace=indent,eol,start set whichwrap=b,s,<,>,[,] set mouse= set selectmode= set mousemodel=popup set keymodel= set selection=inclusive " Misc set wildmenu set nospell " Encoding related set encoding=utf-8 "set langmenu=zh_CN.UTF-8 "language message zh_CN.UTF-8 set fileencodings=ucs-bom,utf-8,cp936,gb18030,big5,euc-jp,euc-kr,latin1 " File type related filetype plugin indent on au BufRead *.as set filetype=actionscript et au BufRead *.mxml set filetype=mxml et au BufRead *.mml set filetype=mathml et " Display related set ru set nu set sm set hls set nowrap syntax on " Refer to: https://github.com/bpdp/vim-java set ofu=syntaxcomplete#Complete "if (has("gui_running")) " colo bluegreen "else " colo bluegreen "endif " Default Colors for CursorLine highlight CursorLine ctermbg=Blue ctermfg=Yellow " Change Color when entering Insert Mode autocmd InsertEnter * highlight CursorLine ctermbg=Darkgray ctermfg=Red "Revert Color to default when leaving Insert Mode autocmd InsertLeave * highlight CursorLine ctermbg=Blue ctermfg=Yellow " autocmd vimenter * NERDTree autocmd vimenter * if !argc() | NERDTree | endif autocmd bufenter * if (winnr("$") == 1 && exists("b:NERDTreeType") && b:NERDTreeType == "primary") | q | endif let g:NERDTreeDirArrows=0 let g:NERDTreeWinSize=30 au BufRead,BufNewFile *.gradle set filetype=groovy " set foldmethod=indent " set foldnestmax=2 let g:indentLine_leadingSpaceEnabled=1 let g:indentLine_leadingSpaceChar='.' let g:indentLine_color_term=7 let g:indentLine_color_gui='#FFB3B3' " let g:indentLine_char = '|' hi Modified guifg=black guibg=#FFA500 set statusline=%2.2n\ %t\ %h%#Modified#%m%r%*%=%l%L\ ,\ %P let g:smartusline_string_to_highlight='%2.2n %t %h' au BufNewFile,BufRead *.groovy setf groovy au BufNewFile,BufRead *.gradle setf groovy if (has("autocmd")) autocmd Filetype java setlocal omnifunc=javacomplete#Complete endif " ============================================================================ " Shortcuts " ============================================================================ " Escape arrow in putty map <Esc>[A <C-Up> map <Esc>[B <C-Down> map <Esc>[C <C-Right> map <Esc>[D <C-Left> map! <Esc>[A <C-Up> map! <Esc>[B <C-Down> map! <Esc>[D <C-Left> map! <Esc>[C <C-Right> " Move lines nmap <C-Down> :move . 1<CR> nmap <C-Up> :move .-2<CR> " Toggle line number nmap <F12> :set nu!<CR> imap <F12> :set nu!<CR> " Toggle NERDTree window nmap <silent> <F9> :NERDTreeToggle<CR> nmap <silent> <C-O> :NERDTreeToggle<CR><ESC> " miniBufExploer config let g:miniBufExplMapWindowNavVim=1 let g:miniBufExplMapWindowNavArrows=1 let g:miniBufExplMapCTabSwitchBufs=1 let g:miniBufExplModSelTarget=1 " buffer change nmap <S-Tab> :bn<CR> nmap <S-Left> :bp<CR> nmap <S-Right> :bn<CR> " Toggle Tagbar nmap <C-t> :TagbarToggle<CR> "============================================================================= " Modes "============================================================================= function EnglishMode() "set imactivatekey= "set noimcmdline "set iminsert=0 "set imsearch=0 setlocal nospell endfunction command -nargs=0 EnglishMode call EnglishMode() function ChineseMode() "set imactivatekey=C-space "set noimcmdline "set iminsert=2 "set imsearch=2 setlocal nospell endfunction command -nargs=0 ChineseMode call ChineseMode() function TextMode() setlocal nocin setlocal nosm setlocal noai setlocal tw=0 endfunction command -nargs=0 TextMode call TextMode() function CodeMode() setlocal cin setlocal sm setlocal ai setlocal tw=0 endfunction command -nargs=0 CodeMode call CodeMode() function MailMode() call TextMode() setlocal ft=mail setlocal tw=0 endfunction command -nargs=0 MailMode call MailMode() function BBSMode() call MailMode() call ChineseMode() setlocal ft=bbs setlocal fenc=cp936 setlocal tw=0 endfunction command -nargs=0 BBSMode call BBSMode() function VikiMode() call ChineseMode() setlocal ft=viki endfunction command -nargs=0 VikiMode call VikiMode() "============================================================================= " Functions "============================================================================= function TimeStamp() let curposn= SaveWinPosn() %s/\$Date: .*\$/\=strftime("$Date: %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S$")/ge %s/Last Change: .*$/\=strftime("Last Change: %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")/ge %s/Last Modified: .*$/\=strftime("Last Modified: %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")/ge " Replace once and never update. %s/Created: *$/\=strftime("Created: %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")/ge call RestoreWinPosn(curposn) endfunction command -nargs=0 TimeStamp call TimeStamp() function AutoTimeStamp() augr tagdate au! au BufWritePre,FileWritePre * call TimeStamp() augr END endfunction command -nargs=0 AutoTimeStamp call AutoTimeStamp() function NoAutoTimeStamp() augr tagdate au! augr END endfunction command -nargs=0 NoAutoTimeStamp call NoAutoTimeStamp() command -nargs=1 Margin exec "match Error /.\\%>" . (<args> 1) . "v/" command -nargs=0 NoMargin match none function CodeLayout() call CodeMode() WManager Tlist endfunction command -nargs=0 CodeLayout call CodeLayout() function CodeLayoutSmall() call CodeLayout() set columns=141 exec "norm \<c-w>l" set nu set lines=100 endfunction command -nargs=0 CodeLayoutSmall call CodeLayoutSmall() function CodeLayoutLarge() call CodeLayout() set columns=226 exec "norm \<c-w>l" set nu vsplit set lines=100 endfunction command -nargs=0 CodeLayoutLarge call CodeLayoutLarge() " ============================================================================ " Plugins settings " ============================================================================ " Tlist let Tlist_Use_Right_Window=1 let Tlist_File_Fold_Auto_Close=1 " A let g:alternateNoDefaultAlternate=1 let g:alternateRelativeFiles=1 " Viki let g:vikiNameSuffix=".viki" autocmd! BufRead,BufNewFile *.viki call VikiMode() " BBS autocmd! BufRead,BufNewFile *.bbs call BBSMode() " Mail autocmd! FileType mail call MailMode() " XML autocmd! FileType html,xml,yaml setlocal sw=2 ts=2 " FencView let g:fencview_autodetect=0 "============================================================================= " Platform dependent settings "============================================================================= if (has("win32")) "------------------------------------------------------------------------- " Win32 "------------------------------------------------------------------------- if (has("gui_running")) set guifont=Bitstream_Vera_Sans_Mono:h9:cANSI set guifontwide=NSimSun:h9:cGB2312 endif " For Viki let g:netrw_browsex_viewer="start" " For tee set shellpipe=2>&1\|\ tee " VimTweak if (has("gui_running")) command -nargs=1 SetAlpha call libcallnr("vimtweak.dll", \"SetAlpha", <args>) command -nargs=0 TopMost call libcallnr("vimtweak.dll", \"EnableTopMost", 1) command -nargs=0 NoTopMost call libcallnr("vimtweak.dll", \"EnableTopMost", 0) endif else "------------------------------------------------------------------------- " Linux "------------------------------------------------------------------------- if (has("gui_running")) set guifont=Bitstream\ Vera\ Sans\ Mono\ 9 endif " For Viki let g:vikiHomePage="~/document/Viki/index.viki" let g:netrw_browsex_viewer="kfmclient exec" set makeprg=build endif
