最近，美国生物实验室再度引起大家的好奇，生物实验室的作用是什么？今天一起走进达格威实验室，这里曾经是绝对的军事禁区。达格威实验室是一座庞大的军事基地，主要担负各种化学、生物、放射性、高级爆炸武器的生产、*伤、防护、试验等相关工作。
In 1968, about 6,000 sheep died near this government facility.
1968年，这处政府机构附近有大约6000只绵羊死亡。
They were poisoned by a chemical weapon named VX. The US hasn't been known to actively use VX in combat.
它们是被一种名为VX的化学武器毒死的。外界并不知道美国在战争中会主动使用VX。
In fact, it's begun destroying its stockpile of chemical munitions as part of a UN treaty.
事实上，作为一份联合国条约的部分内容，美国已开始着手销毁其化学弹药库存。
But it's just one of many strange and secretive experiments that happened within these walls.
但这只是隐藏在这些墙壁后众多奇怪而神秘的实验之一。
Experiments on sheep, mosquitoes, and even civilians.
这里有针对绵羊，蚊子，甚至平民进行的实验。
About 85 miles southwest of Salt Lake City is the US government's top-secret bioweapons lab.
美国政府的绝密生物武器实验室位于盐湖城西南约85英里处。
It's called the Dugway Proving Ground.
它就是达格威试验场。
The 77-year-old facility covers about 800,000 acres.
这处有着77年历史的机构占地约80万英亩。
That's just a little larger than the entire state of Rhode Island.
比整个罗德岛州稍微大一点。
And it tests some of the deadliest chemical, biological, radiological, and explosive hazards on Earth.
它对地球上最致命的一些化学、生物、放射性和爆炸性危险品进行测试。
Less famous than Area 51, Dugway dates all the way back to 1942.
达格威的知名度不及51区，但它的历史可以一直追溯到1942年。
Right in the middle of World War II. The decisive battle of war has begun.
当时正处在第二次世界大战期间。决战已经打响。
The government needed a large area to test powerful weapons, eventually settling on this stretch of land in the Utah desert.
政府需要一个空旷的区域来测试威力巨大的武器，最终选址在犹他沙漠中的这块区域。
Back then, the site was used to test everything from chemical sprays and flamethrowers to various antidotes and protective equipment, and even fire-bombing.
当时，这个地方被用来测试各种各样的东西，从化学喷雾和火焰喷射器到各种解毒剂和防护设备，甚至是燃烧弹。
After World War II, Dugway mostly shut down.
二战后，达格威大部分的设施都关闭了。
Until the Korean War began in 1950.
直到1950年朝鲜战争爆发。
That's when the proving ground turned into what it is today: a permanent military base.
就从那时起，试验场变成了今天的样子：一个永久性的军事基地。
In Dugway's first few decades, the base worked mostly on offensive weaponry: biological and chemical munitions designed to directly attack enemies.
在达格威建立的最初几十年里，该基地主要研究攻击性武器:用于直接攻击敌人的生物和化学武器。
Sampling devices, positioned throughout the test area, yield valuable information to chemical core researchers.
取样装置遍布整个测试区，为核心化学研究员提供有价值的信息。
The 1950s, for example, saw the launch of Operation Big Itch, an experiment that was testing weaponized fleas.
例如，在20世纪50年代启动了“巨痒行动”，这是一个把跳蚤武器化的实验。
The fleas weren't infected with any type of disease or agent, but experimenters were working with thousands of them.
这些跳蚤没有感染任何类型的疾病或病原体，但实验人员对数千只跳蚤进行了研究。
And the fleas were dropped in cluster bombs, to gauge if they would survive the fall from an airplane.
并且将这些跳蚤放入集束炸弹中，以测试把它们从飞机上扔下去后能否存活。
And this was only part one.
而这只是实验的第一部分。
Dugway launched a second experiment, called Project Bellwether, in the 1960s.
达格威在20世纪60年代启动了名为“领头羊计划”的第二次实验。
Only this time, mosquitoes were injected with inert diseases, inert bacteria, and inert viruses.
仅仅这次实验中，蚊子被注射了惰性疾病、惰性细菌和惰性病毒。
But get this.
但请注意这点。
Those mosquitoes were released upon several groups of human volunteers.
这些蚊子被放到几组人类志愿者身上。
Who were bitten again and again during the trials.
他们在试验中被叮咬了一次又一次。
And there are records dating back to the late 1950s, which describe experiments that used infected mosquitoes.
还有一些记录可以追溯到20世纪50年代末，描述了使用受感染的蚊子进行的实验。
And those are just two experiments known to the public.
而只有这两次实验是对外界公开的。
Exactly what goes on at Dugway is, well, pretty unclear.
在达格威到底发生了什么无人知晓。
And that's not by accident.
这并非偶然。
The area is intensely guarded.
该区域戒备森严。
Everything that comes in and out is carefully monitored,
所有进出的物品都被仔细盘查，
guards are on constant patrol and actively armed, and the perimeter is lined with tall, barbed-wire fencing.
全副武装的警卫们不间断巡逻，周围还筑有很高的带刺铁丝围栏。
There are even signs that authorize "deadly force" when necessary.
甚至有迹象表明，在必要时被授权使用“致命武器”。
Since the 1940s, officials say operations have shifted from offensive to defensive tactics.
官员们表示，自20世纪40年代以来，军事行动已经从进攻战术转变为防守战术。
Case in point, most of the current known work prepares agents to defend against potential biological and chemical attacks.
举个例子，目前大多数已知的工作都是准备用药剂来抵御潜在的生物和化学攻击。
For example, a multitude of training programs are held on-site for the armed forces.
例如，在现场为武装部队开设大量的训练科目。
Here's one in which Army Reserve soldiers are tasked with checking the radiation levels of artillery rounds.
其中，陆军预备役士兵的任务是检查炮弹的辐射水平。
And here's another where soldiers were tasked with identifying substances in a simulated chemical lab.
而另一队士兵的任务是在模拟的化学实验室里识别物质成分。
Dugway's main operations include the "BRAUCH" training facility, constructed from various shipping containers.
达格威主要运作的是包括由各种集装箱建造而成“BRAUCH”培训设施。
It simulates underground environments for military training.
它模拟地下环境中进行的军事训练。
There are also various buildings and rooms that serve specific purposes.
还有用于特地目的的各种建筑物和房间。
Like the decontamination testing chamber, the wind-tunnel testing room, and the material test facility.
如去污试验室、风洞试验室以及材料测试场等。
But perhaps the most interesting room of all is this: the Smartman Laboratory facility, which houses the Smartman dummy, a model that's used to simulate human contact with chemical agents, including the infamous VX nerve agent.
但最有趣的房间也许是这个:智人实验室设施，这里面装配了智人的人形模型，用于模拟人类与化学制剂的接触，包括臭名昭著的VX神经毒剂。
Specifically, the Smartman helps the lab develop more effective individual protection respiratory equipment, essentially gas masks and the like.
具体来说，智人帮助实验室开发更有效的个人防护呼吸设备，主要是防毒面具等。
A variety of chemists, chemical analysts, and technicians work on-site.
在现场工作的是各种化学家、化学分析师和技术人员。
And the use of airtight chambers and gas masks is not only common but mandatory.
使用密闭室和防毒面具不仅很常见，而且是强制性的。
Despite all of this dangerous experimentation, the work done at Dugway hasn't always been properly contained.
尽管进行的都是危险实验，但达格威的安防工作并不是万无一失。
Remember that sheep incident?
还记得绵羊事件吗?
That marked the start of a worrisome track record.
它开启了一个令人不安的备忘录。
It happened when overhead planes spewed out the nerve agent into the wind, accidentally sending it into nearby farmland in Skull Valley.
事故发生时，空中的飞机将神经毒剂喷射到风中，结果被意外吹入了斯卡尔瓦利附近的农田。
Within the next couple of days, farmers found thousands of sheep dead in their fields.
在接下来的几天里，农民们发现上千只羊死在田地里。
The Army compensated the farmers and lent them bulldozers to bury the sheep.
军方对农民进行了补偿，并借给他们推土机来掩埋死羊。
But the accident sparked a whole debate on the use of chemical weapons in warfare.
但这次事故引发了一场关于在战争中使用化学武器的争论。
Adding on to these questionable practices,
除了这些可疑的做法外，
a 1994 Senate hearing on veterans' health-focused specifically on Dugway veterans and civilians.
1994年，参议院就退伍军人健康问题举行的听证会还对达格威的退伍军人和平民给与了特别关注。
A report found that people at Dugway were exposed to biological and chemical simulants believed to be safe at the time but that the Army had later stopped using many of them because "they realized they were not as safe as previously believed."
一份报告发现，达格威的人员接触了当时被认为是安全的生物和化学模拟物，但后来其中大部分遭到了陆军的弃用，因为“他们意识到，它们并不像之前认为的那样安全。”
One veteran, who was accidentally sprayed in the face with the chemical DMMP in 1984, found himself wheezing and coughing the next day, symptoms that ended up lasting several weeks.
1984年，一名退伍军人不小心把名为DMMP的化学物质喷到脸上，第二天就发现自己开始气喘和咳嗽，症状持续了数周。
Despite this, he was given only cough medicine and antibiotics by the Dugway Army Hospital.
尽管如此，达格威陆军医院只给他开了咳嗽药和抗生素。
The Dugway Safety Office assured him that the chemical was safe.
达格威安全事务办公室向他保证该化学品是安全的。
But by 1988, officials at Dugway had reevaluated the simulant's danger and were concerned it could cause cancer and kidney damage.
但到了1988年，达格威实验室的官员重新评估了该模拟装置的危险性，并担心它会导致癌症和肾脏损伤。
In 2011, the facility slipped up again: It went on lockdown after workers lost a vial containing the VX nerve agent.
2011年，该设施再次出现纰漏：工人遗失了一个装有VX神经毒剂的小瓶，之后那里就被封锁了。
Nobody was permitted to enter or exit the facility, not even the employees.
不允许任何人进出，甚至员工也不行。
And in 2016, the CDC and the Department of Defense launched a major investigation when a review team found that Dugway had been operating dangerously for several years without the government's knowledge.
2016年，疾控中心和国防部启动了一项重大调查，因为一个审查小组发现，达格威在政府不知情的情况下已经危险地运作了好几年。
USA Today reported "egregious failures" by the facility's leadership and staff.
《今日美国》报道了该机构的领导层和工作人员的“严重失误”。
The reports singled out the head colonel in command at Dugway, Brig. Gen. William King.
报告中特别提到了达格威的总司令威廉·金准将。
The Army's accountability investigation recognized King as unqualified, lacking the education and training to effectively oversee biosafety procedures crucial to Dugway's operation.
陆军的问责调查认为金十分不称职，他在有效监督生物安全性流程方面接受的教育和培训十分匮乏，而这对达格威的运作至关重要。
The report admonished him, saying he "repeatedly deflected blame" and "minimized the severity of incidents." It even says King "fails to recognize" how serious the incidents truly were.
该报告谴责他，称他“一再推卸责任”，并“大事化小，小事化了”。它甚至说，金“没有认识到”事件的严重性。
And how serious were the incidents, exactly?
事态到底有多严重?
Well, under King's command, the facility mistakenly shipped live anthrax to other labs.
在金的指挥下，该机构将活炭疽病毒误送到了其它实验室。
And not just once, but multiple times.
这种事还不止出现了一次，而是多次发生。
For over a decade.
在十多年间。
That same report revealed that workers had been regularly and deliberately manipulating data in important records.
同一份报告显示，工作人员经常故意篡改重要记录中的数据。
Records meant to verify that pathogens being transported elsewhere were killed and safe for researchers to handle without protective gear.
这些记录是为了核实被运送到其它地方的病原体是否被灭*，以及研究人员在没有防护装备的情况下处理这些病原体是否安全。
Still, the facility's shady past, secretive operations, and intense surveillance have captured the attention, and skepticism, of some closer observers, including several conspiracy-theorist groups.
尽管如此，该机构不光彩的过去、秘密的运作和严密的监控，已经引起了一些密切观察人士的注意和怀疑，其中包括几个阴谋论组织。
There are suggestions that the facility is the "new Area 51." And the local community has raised their own questions about the facility's operations.
有人说该机构是“新51区”。当地社区也对其运作提出了自己的质疑。
Dugway was even featured in an episode of The History Channel's "UFO Hunters," in which local residents and UFO watchers were interviewed and footage from the area was examined.
达格威甚至还出现在历史频道的“UFO猎人”节目，节目采访了当地居民和UFO观察者，并查阅了该地区的视频资料。
It's hard not to wonder, when you live in close proximity to such a restricted landscape.
生活在这样一个禁区附近，让人很难不去多想。
Despite these theories, Dugway has expressed a desire to be "more transparent." And representatives have said the facility wants to be "more a part of the local community" by better-informing citizens about what exactly goes on there.
尽管有这些传闻，达格威还是表达了希望变得“更透明”的意愿。其代表表示，该机构希望通过更好地向民众通报那里的具体情况，从而“更好的融入当地社区”。
So far, they've delivered some on that.
到目前为止，他们已经通报了一些。
The facility has its own events page, which lists several events open to the general public and the local Utah community.
该机构有自己的要闻网页，其中列出了对公众和当地犹他州社区开放的几项活动。
This year, they're hosting a trail race on the facility grounds.
今年，他们将在场地内举办一场越野赛。
Certainly, today's Dugway is a far cry from the 1940s Dugway, which was entirely closed off to the public.
当然，今天的达格威已与20世纪40年代的相去甚远，当时完全与世隔绝。
But despite the shift in the level of secrecy, much of Dugway's testing remains classified, preserving the skepticism and mysteriousness surrounding the facility.
但是，尽管保密程度发生了很大变化，但达格威的大部分测试仍然属于机密，这使得笼罩在该机构上的疑云和神秘色彩依然挥之不去。
