一、开头段常用提出现象句型
1. Nowadays more and more… are commonly and widely… in everyday life.
如今，在日常生活中，越来越多……被广泛……。
2. In recent years… is gaining growing popularity with…
近年来，……收到越来越多……的欢迎。
3. Recent years have seen a boom in…
近年来，……出现了迅速增长。
4. Nowadays, there are many…
如今出现了许多……
5. Nowadays,… has become a very common matter in ...
如今，……已经成为……的常见现象。
6. Nowadays, there is a growing tendency in…
如今，在……方面出现了上升的趋势。
7. Recently,… has aroused wide concern. /… has been brought into focus.
最近，……引起了广泛关注/ 收到了人们的关注。
8. Most of us may have such experience that…
我们当中许多人可能都有……这种经历。
二、开头段常用引出他人观点句型
9. In reaction to the phenomenon of…,some people say…
针对……现象，有人说……
10. When asked about… most people say…
当被问到……，大多数人认为……
11. When it comes to…, some people think…
关于……，有人认为……
12. Now, it is widely believed that…
现在，许多人认为……
三、开头/中间段常用引出两种不同观点的句型
13. There has sprung up a heated debate as to whether… Some maintain that… However, others believe that…
关于是否……，人们争论不休。有些人认为……另一些人则认为……
14. There is a public debate today over… Some people believe that… Others claim that…
如今社会上出现了关于……的争论。 有些人认为…… 另一些人则声称……
15. When it comes to/talking about…, quite a few people believe that… but other people think differently.
当谈及……时，有相当一部分人认为……然而，另一些人则有不同想法。
16. People’s opinions vary when they talk about… Some maintain that… Others believe that…
当谈及……时，人们观点不一。有人坚持认为……另有人认为……
四、开头段常用引出故事/时间句型
17. At about… o’clock in the… when I…, I saw…
……点在……，当我正……的时候，我看见……
18. Once in a street,…
有一次在街上，……
19. It was a… morning when a suddenly…
那是……的早上，有一位……突然……
五、中间段常用引出优缺点/不足/影响句型
20. …plays an important role in…
……对……很重要。
21. The advantages of … lies in many ways.
……有许多优点/好处。
22. … as is the case with many issues, has both merits and demerits.
正如许多事物一样，……也是既有优点又有不足。
23. … will bring about an unfavorable effects/influence on…
……会给……造成不好的影响。
24. … will cause a sweeping change to…
……会为……带来彻底的改变。
25. …may give rise to /result in a number of problems.
……会导致一系列问题。
六、中间段/结尾段常用引出原因句型
26. Why…? Three factors can explain this. First,… Second,… Third,…
为什么……？ 有三个因素可以解释。首先,……其次，……第三，……
27. Three factors weigh heavily for… For one thing,… For another,… A third contributing factor is…
三个因素对……很大。首先，……其次，……再次，……
28.The factors that contribute to… include…
造成……的因素包裹……
29. The primary /leading reason /cause is that… …can be another reason. A further reason is that…
主要原因是…… 。……也可能是另一个原因。第三个原因是……
30. AS for /Among the factors for…, … counts for the half, the rest depends on…
就导致……的因素而言，……是一部分原因，另一部分原因是……
七、中间/结尾段常用引出结局方法句型
31. How to…? The key words are as follows. To begin with,… Next,… Finally,…
如何……？关键措施如下。首先，……其次，……最后，……
32. The impacts could be minimized if we follow the suggestions as follow. One suggestion is… Another suggestion is… A further suggestion is…
如果我们采用以下建议，有可能将影响降到最低。建议一是……建议而是……建议三是……
33. Such… would not… if we knew the following ways to handle… First,… Second,… Third,…（虚拟语气）
如果我们掌握了以下处理……的方法，如此的……可能不会…… 第一个方法是…… 第二个方法是……第三个方法是……
八、结尾段常用引出“我”的个人观点句型
34. As far as I am concerned, I agree with…
就我个人而言，我支持……
35. As to me, the former /latter opinion is more acceptable.
对我来说，前/后一种观点更可以接受。
36. For my part, I am on the side of…
对我来说，我站在……那边。
37. As I see it,…
就我看来,……
38. From my perspective, I…
就我而言，我……
九、图表作文开头段常用引出总体（变化）趋势句型
39. As can be seen from the line /bar / chart /table that… increased / rose /grew dramatically from…
从图表可见，自……以来，……出现了极大地增长。
40. It can be seen /concluded from the chart that… dropped /declined /fell /reduced slightly to…
依图可见/判断，……小幅下降到了……
41. The period… to… saw… increase /drop in the number /percentage of…
……至……期间，……的数量/比重出现了……的增长/下降。
42. There is a… fluctuation during… /The number of … fluctuates between… and…
……期间，出现了……波动。/……至……期间，……数量出现了波动。
十、书信作文开头段常用句型（最后一句主要在下级给上级写信时用）
43. With regard to your inquiry about…, I’d like to make some conducive suggestions.
对于你来信问我关于……，现提供几条建议。
44. I am writing to express my views concerning…
我写信时要提出关于……的看法。
45. I am very sorry to occupy your precious time, but I really need to talk about… /but I am writing to express my views concerning…
很抱歉占用您的宝贵时间，可是我确实想要谈谈……。/可是我写信时要提出关于……的看法。
十一、书信作文中间段常用提建议句型
46. I would like to suggest that… / I would like to make a recommendation that…
我想建议……
47. May I suggest that…?
我可以提一点……建议吗？
48. If I were you , I would…
如果我是你，我会……
十二、书信作文结尾段常用句型
49. Please take good consideration of my advice.
请仔细考虑我的建议。
50. I hope what I mentioned above will…
希望我以上所说的会……
大学英语新四级写作高分攻略
一、宏观统筹，微观布局
1. 洞悉主题思想，明确文章思路
大部分同学习惯拿到试卷就下笔，这是写作之大忌！如2003年1月的考试题目“It Pays to Be Honest”，很多同学理解为“诚实是要付出代价的”，而实际含义则是“诚实是有益处的”。主题都理解错了，后果可想而知。
2. 力求卷面净雅；开头简洁、结尾点睛，力避三段式文章
时间有限加之工作繁重使得阅卷工作带有强烈的主观色彩，阅卷老师对试卷的第一感受基本上决定了一篇文章的层次。因此写作的规范与书法非常重要，整齐美观、干净洁雅的卷面是获得高分的必要条件。一般来说，开头不要写得太啰唆，要找到恰当的切入点，直奔主题。结尾同样不要拖泥带水，最好还能适当评论，写出点睛之笔。尽量用好过渡性词语或句子，避免“三段式”八股风格，尽可能使文章显得丰富、生动、活泼。
5. 合理想象、力避冗长，真实取材、贴近生活，感情丰富、彰显自我
学会用There be、It形式主语、倒装等句子结构以使篇章显得优美、多彩、多变。
英语考试时间的紧迫性是导致很多考生写作失利的主要原因，因此活学活用写作模板，精心布局文章，是获得高分作文的最佳途径。
1. 因果关系型
即题目给出一个图表，要求解释说明某种社会现象。
In the last few years / In recent years, there has been a growing tendency / dramatic increase in _________. According to the chart / a recent study in 2009, the number of ________ has almost doubled / tripled / nearly increased / dropped by _________ percent compared with _________.
There are ________ reasons accounting for this significant rise / marked decline / dramatic change. First of all, ______. Furthermore, ______. In addition, ______. Last but not least, _______.
From what has been discussed above, we may safely come to the conclusion that __________.
2. 正反对比型
即通过比较两个事物，来说明作者的观点，如喜欢哪个，反对哪个。
In recent years, there is a heated discussion about __________. Some argue for it. For one reason, __________. For another, __________.
However, each coin has two sides. Some people argue against it. First of all,__________. In addition, __________. Furthermore, __________.
As far as I am concerned, advantages overweigh disadvantages / there is a balance of both _________. In the first place, __________. In the second place, __________.
四级作文万能模板
[1]议论文
Along with the advance of the society more and more controversial issues have been brought to our attention, one of which is that....
随着社会的不断发展，出现了越来越多的问题，其中之一便是____________。
As to whether it is worthwhile X there is a long-running debate.
关于是否值得X的问题，一直以来争论不休.
Just as the saying goes: "so many people so many minds". It is quite understandable that views on this issue vary from person to person.
俗话说，""。不同的人对此有不同的看法是可以理解的。
Those who criticize X argue that X They believe that X But people who favor X on the other hand argue that.X
1.To begin /start with
2.furthermore/besides/in addition
3.last but not least.
批判X的人认为X。他们相信X，不过，另一方面，赞同X的人则认为X。
After a thorough consideration for my part I am in favor of the latter view that X
经过深思熟虑，我较支持后一种看法，亦即X。
[2]说明文
Along with the advance of the society more and more controversial issues have been brought to our attention one of which is that X
随着社会的不断发展，出现了越来越多的问题，其中之一便是X。
Why have there been so many X maybe the reasons can be listed as follows
1.To begin /start with
2.furthermore/besides/in addition
3.last but not least.
为什么有这么多X，理由如下
Obviously it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem
For one thing For another
很明显，我们现在必须采取一些措施
一方面 另一方面
I think all the measures above can make present situation better.Let us all start to do so by ourselves.
我认为上述措施能使现状变好。让我们都从自身做起！
[3]图表作文
As is shown by the percentage in the picture X has been on rise/ decrease, X dramatically decreasing from X in X to X in X. From the sharp decline in the chart, it goes without saying that X.
There are at least two good reasons accounting for X . In one hand, X .In the other hand, X is due to the fact that X .In addition, X is responsible for X . Maybe there are some other reasons to show X .But itis generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.
As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that X . I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.
[4]话题作文
Nowadays, there are more and more X in X . It is estimated that X . Why have there been so many X ? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.
The first one is X . Besides, X The third one is X . To sum up, the main cause of it is due to X . It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing X . For another thing, X . All these measures will certainly reduce the number of X .
[5]对比观点作文
X is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions of it. Some people say X is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of X. What is more, X。More over, _X.
While others think that _X is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,_X. Secondly,_X_. Thirdly,_X_.
From my point of view, I think _X_. The reason is that _X_. As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice.
As to whether it is a blessing or a curse however people take different attitudes.
然而，对于此类问题，人们持不同的看法。(Hold different attitudes 持不同的看;Come up with different attitudes 有不同的看法)
As society develops people are attaching much importance to....
随着社会的发展，人们开始关注............
People are attaching more and more importance to the interview during job hunting
求职的过程中，人们慢慢意识到面试的重要性。
In the process of modern urban development we often find ourselves in a dilemma.
在都市的发展中，我们往往会陷入困境。
Recently the phenomenon has aroused wide concern some people are in alarm that....
最近，这种现象引起了人们的广泛关注，有人开始担心______________。
The human race has entered a completely new stage in its history with the increasingly rapid economic globalization and urbanization more problems are brought to our attention.
人类进入了一个历史的崭新的阶段，经济全球化、都市化的速度不断加快，随之给我们带来了很多问题。
...... plays such an important role that it undeniably becomes the biggest concern of the present world there comes a question is it a blessing or a curse?"
_______显得非常重要而成为当今世界所关注的最大的问题，这是无可厚非的。不过，问题是："我们该如何抉择?"
Now we are entering a new era full of opportunities and challenges
现在我们正在进入一个布满机会和挑战的新时代。
People from different backgrounds would put different interpretations on the same case.
不同行业的人对同一种问题的解释不尽相同。
The controversial issue is often brought into public focus. People from different backgrounds hold different attitudes towards the issue.
这中极具争议性的话题往往很受社会的关注。不同的人对此问题的看法也不尽相同。
When asked ... some people think..... while some prefer...
说到______，有人认为________，而另一些人则认为__________。
To this issue different people come up with various attitudes.
对于这个问题，不同的人持不同的观点。
There is a good side and a bad side to everything it goes without saying that...
万事万物都有其两面性，所以，勿庸置疑，____________。
When it comes to ... most people believe that ... but other people regard ...as ....
提到_________问题，很多人认为_________，不过，一些人则认为______是____.
When faced with.... quite a few people claim that .... but other people think as...
提到_________问题，仅少数人认为________，但另一些人则认为_________。
Some people are of the opinion that..
有些人认为_____________。
Some people contend that ... has proved to bring many advantages (disadvantages)
有些人认为________有很多有利之处(不利之处)。
Those who argue for ... say that ...economic development of the cities.
觉得_____的人认为，______ 城市的经济发展。
Some people advocate that ....
有些人在坚持认为_________。
They hold that ... 他们认为_________。
People who advocate that ... have their sound reasons (grounds)
坚持认为______的人也有其说法(依据)。
Those who have already benefited from practicing it sing high praise of it.
那些从中受益的人对此大家褒奖。
Those who strongly approve of ... have cogent reasons for it.
强烈认同_______的人有很多原因。
Many people would claim that...
有人会认为___________。
People who support ... give some or all of the following reasons.
那些支持_________观点的人列出了如下原因：________。
But others hold the view that ...但是，另外一些人则认为_______。
观点的用词：Attitude opinion 与其搭配的动词以及词组：Take have come up with，set forth put forward等。
But on the other hand there are also quite a few people who strongly advocate that...
不过，另一方面，也有少部分人坚持认为_______________。
But people who are ... on the other hand maintain that...
不过，另一方面，________的人认为__________。
However there are a large number of people who hold a different view concerning this case.
然而，很多人对此有不同的看法。
问题用词：Issue phenomenon，后接介词 on over等。
However some others argue that... 然而，另一些人则认为_________。
However there are also some others who contend that...
然而，也有人认为__________。
But other people set forth completely totally different argument concerning this case.
不过，对于此，另一些人则持完全不同的观点。
Some people examine this issue from another angle.
有的人用另一角度来看这一问题。
On the other hand there are also many opponents who strongly ...
另一方面，也有很多反对的人，他们认为_____________。
According to my personality and fondness I would prefer ... rather than...
根据我的个性以及爱好，我选择_______而不会选择__________。
Personally I side with the latter (former) opinion...
就我个人而言，我支持后者(前者)___________。
Personally I am in favor of the former point of view.
就我个人而言，我较同意前一种看法。
To my point of view 我认为
To my mind the advantages far overweigh the drawbacks(disadvantages shortcomings)
我认为，长处赛过缺点。
For my part I stand on side of the latter opinion that..
就我而言，我较赞同后一种观点________________.
As far as I am concerned I am inclined to be on the side of the latter view.
在我看来，我较同意后一种观点。
If asked to make a decision I would prefer...
假如真的需要作出选择，我宁愿____________。
展现问题篇
问题的常用词：question problem issue
Recently the issue of ...... has been brought into public focus.
近来，_______的问题引起了社会的广泛关注。
Now we are entering a brand new era full of opportunities and innovations and great changes have taken place in people’s attitude towards some traditional practice.
现在我们进入了一个充满机遇和创新的崭新时代，很多人对某些传统的看法也发生了很大改变。
Recently the issue of whether or not ... has been in the limelight and has aroused wide concern in the public.
近来，是否_______的问题已经非常明确而且引起了社会的广泛关注。
The issue whether it is good or not to .... has aroused a heated discussion all over the country.
______的利与弊已在全国范围内引起热烈的讨论。
At present some people think ....while others claim ...Both sides have their merits.
目前，一些人认为_______而另一些人则认为_______。其实，两种观点都其可取之处。
People rarely reach an absolute consensus on such a controversial issue.
对于这种极具争议的话题，我们很难作出绝对的回答。
People who support ... give some or all of the following reasons.
那些支持_________观点的人列出了如下原因：________。
But others hold the view that ...但是，另外一些人则认为_______。
观点的用词：Attitude opinion 与其搭配的动词以及词组：Take have come up with，set forth put forward等。
But on the other hand there are also quite a few people who strongly advocate that...
不过，另一方面，也有少部分人坚持认为_______________。
But people who are ... on the other hand maintain that...
不过，另一方面，________的人认为__________。
However there are a large number of people who hold a different view concerning this case.
然而，很多人对此有不同的看法。
问题用词：Issue phenomenon，后接介词 on over等。
However some others argue that... 然而，另一些人则认为_________。
However there are also some others who contend that...
然而，也有人认为__________。
But other people set forth completely totally different argument concerning this case.
不过，对于此，另一些人则持完全不同的观点。
Some people examine this issue from another angle.
有的人用另一角度来看这一问题。
On the other hand there are also many opponents who strongly ...
另一方面，也有很多反对的人，他们认为_____________。
According to my personality and fondness I would prefer ... rather than...
根据我的个性以及兴趣，我选择_______而不会选择__________。
Personally I side with the latter (former) opinion...
就我个人而言，我支持后者(前者)___________。
Personally I am in favor of the former point of view.
就我个人而言，我较同意前一种看法。
To my point of view 我认为
To my mind the advantages far overweigh the drawbacks(disadvantages shortcomings)
我认为，优点胜过缺点。
For my part I stand on side of the latter opinion that..
就我而言，我较赞同后一种观点________________。
As far as I am concerned I am inclined to be on the side of the latter view.
在我看来，我较同意后一种观点。
After a thorough consideration for my part I am in favor of the latter view that...
经过深思熟虑，我较支持后一种看法，亦即________________________。
If asked to make a decision I would prefer...
如果真的需要作出选择，我宁愿____________。
附：万能模板范文（必看！）
下面模板的中文大意是：在某种场合，发生某种现象，并提供一些相关数据，然后列出这种现象的三个原因，并将三个原因总结为一个最主要原因，最后提出避免这种现象的两个办法。总的来说，利用这个模板写英语作文，是相当容易的，您只要将适当的内容，填写到对应的方括号中，一篇通顺的英语作文即可完成。下面就是这个模板。
Nowadays, there are more and more [某种现象] in [某种场合]. It is estimated that [相关数据]. Why have there been so many [某种现象]? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows. The first one is [原因一]. Besides, [原因二]. The third one is [原因三]. To sum up, the main cause of [某种现象] is due to [最主要原因]. It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing, [解决办法一]. On the other hand, [解决办法二]. All these measures will certainly reduce the number of [某种现象].
为便于读者理解，我特意用这个模板，写了一篇关于ghost writer(捉刀代笔的枪手)的示范性小作文，请您观摩一下。
Nowadays, there are more and more [ghost writers / 枪手] in [China"s examinations / 中国的考场]. It is estimated that [5% examinees are ghost writers / 5%的应试者是枪手]. Why have there been so many [ghost writers / 枪手]? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows. The first one is [hirers" ignorance / 雇主无知]. Besides, [hirers" indolence / 雇主懒惰]. The third one is [hirers" obtusity / 雇主迟钝]. To sum up, the main cause of [ghost writers / 枪手] is due to [hirers" low IQ / 雇主智商低]. It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing, [flagellation / 鞭打]. On the other hand, [decapitation / 斩首]. All these measures will certainly reduce the number of [ghost writers / 枪手].
非新东方版
一、提纲式作文
1．对立观点式
A．有人认为X 是好事，赞成X， 为什么？
B．有人认为X 是坏事， 反对X，为什么？
C．我的看法。
Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X. They point out the fact that 支持X 的第一个原因。They also argue that 支持X 的另一个原因。
However, other people stand on a different ground. They consider it harmful to do X. They firmly point out that 反对X 的第一个理由。An example can give the details of this argument: 一个例子。
There is some truth in both arguments. But I think the advantages of X overweigh the disadvantages. In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, X also may X 的有一个坏处。
二、 批驳观点式
A．一个错误观点。
B． 我不同意。
Many people argue that 错误观点。By saying that, they mean 对这个观点的进一步解释。An example they have presented is that 一个例子。（According to a survey performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them 赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响）。
There might be some element of truth in these people’s belief. But if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 与错误观点相反的观点。There are a number of reasons behind my belief. (以下参照辩论文的议论文写法)。
三、社会问题（现象）式
A．一个社会问题或者现象。
B． 产生的原因
C．对社会和我们生活的影响
D． 如何杜绝。（如果是问题的话）
E． 前景的预测。
Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental problem. (X has increasingly become a common concern of the public). According to a survey, 调查内容说明这种现象的情况（或者是一个例子）。
There are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon. 下面参照辩论式议论文的写法。
X has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated（表达）in the following aspects. 参照辩论式议论文的写法。
A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more harm. 参照辩论式议论文的写法。
Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that more and more people will ……..
图表式作文
It is obvious in the graph/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes. It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years (as X varies). At the point of （接近）X1, Y reaches its peak value of …(多少).
What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are …(多少) reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table. First of all, …(第一个原因). More importantly, …(第二个原因). Most important of all, …(第三个原因).
From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future. The trend described in the graph/table will continue for quite a long time (if necessary measures are not taken括号里的使用于那些不太好的变化趋势).
辩论式议论文
模版1
Some people believe (argue, recognize, think) that 观点1. But other people take an opposite side. They firmly believe that 观点2. As for me, I agree to the former/latter idea.
There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief. First of all, 论据1.
More importantly, 论据2.
Most important of all, 论据3.
In summary, 总结观点. As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心.
或From above, we can predict that 预测.
模版2
People hold different views about X. Some people are of the opinion that 观点1, while others point out that 观点2. As far as I am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds more weight.
For one thing, 论据1.
For another, 论据2.
Last but not the least, 论据3.
To conclude, 总结观点. As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心. 或From above, we can predict that 预测.
模版3
There is no consensus 一致of opinions among people about X（争论的焦点）。Some people are of the view that 观点1，while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that 观点2。As far as I am concerned, the former/latter notion（观念）is preferable in many senses. The reasons are obvious.
First of all, 论据1。
Furthermore, 论据2。
Among all of the supporting evidences, one is the strongest. That is, 论据3。
A natural conclusion from the above discussion is that总结观点。
As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心. 或From above, we can predict that 预测
常用句型：
1． 表示原因
1）There are three reasons for this.
2）The reasons for this are as follows.
3）The reason for this is obvious.
4）The reason for this is not far to seek.
5）The reason for this is that．．．
6）We have good reason to believe that．．．
例：There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life. Firstly, people’s living standard has been greatly improved. Secondly, most people are well paid, and they can afford what they need or like. Last but not least, more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life.
注：如考生写第一个句子没有把握，可将其改写成两个句子。如：Great changes have taken place in our life. There are three reasons for this. 这样写可以避免套用中的表达失误。
2．表示好处
1）It has the following advantages.
2）It does us a lot of good.
3）It benefits us quite a lot.
4）It is beneficial to us.
5）It is of great benefit to us.
例：Books are like friends．They can help us know the world better，and they can open our minds and widen our horizons．Therefore，reading extensively is of great benefit to us.
3．表示坏处
1）It has more disadvantages than advantages.
2）It does us much harm.
3）It is harmful to us.
例：However, everything divides into two. Television can also be harmful to us. It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television.
1．表示事实、现状
1）We cannot ignore the fact that．．．
2）No one can deny the fact that．．．
3）There is no denying the fact that．．．
4）This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in.
5）However, that’s not the case.
例：We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution. To solve these problems，we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution. The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment.
2．表示比较
1）Compared with A, B．．．
2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV.
3）There is a striking contrast between them.
例：Compared with cars, bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable. Firstly, they do not consume natural resources of petrol. Secondly, they do not cause the pollution problem. Last but not least, they contribute to people’s health by giving them due physical exercise.
3．表示数量
1）It has increased (decreased) from．．．to．．．
2）The population in this city has now increased (decreased) to 800, 000．
3）The output of July in this factory increased by 15％compared with that of January.
例：With the improvement of the living standard，the proportion of people’s income spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased.
再如：From the graph listed above，it can be seen that student use of computers has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000
其他
(一)原因
1.A number of factors are accountable for this situation. 许多因素都对这一情况负责
A number of factors might contribute to (lead to )(account for) the phenomenon (problem) 许多因素可能导致(导致)(考虑到)这一现象(问题).
2.The answer to this problem involves many factors这个问题的答案涉及因素较多
3.The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that... 这种现象主要源于以下事实:.
4.The factors that contribute to 有助于this situation include...
5.The change in ...largely results from the fact that...
6.We may blame ...,but the real causes are... 我们也许会批评…,但真正的原因是……
7.Part of the explanations解释 for it is that ...
One of the most common factors (causes .is that .. 最常见的因素(原因。是….
Another contributing factor (cause .is ... 另一个因素(引起。是. .
Perhaps the primary factor 主要因子is that …
But the fundamental cause is that但根本原因是
(二)比较
1.The advantage far outweigh 比……重要 比……有价值the disadvantages.
2.The advantages of A are much greater than those of B.
3.A may be preferable to 比……好B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that...
4.It is reasonable to maintain that ...but it would be foolish to claim that...
5.For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating补偿的 平衡的 advantages.
6.Like anything else, it has its faults. 就象任何事情一样,它有其缺点
7.A and B has several points in common. A和B有共同之处
8.A bears some resemblances 相似 相似之处to B.
9.However, the same is not applicable 不适合的 不适用的to B.
10.A and B differ in several ways. A和B在许多方面都有所不同
11.Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects. 显然,它具有正负两方面的影响
12.People used to think ..., but things are different now. 人们曾经认为……,但是,但现在情况不同了
13.The same is true of B.
14.Wondering as A is, it has its drawbacks.缺点 退费
15.It is true that A ..., but the chief faults 主要的缺点(obvious defects )are ...
经典句型
一至七条为图表句型。
一．上升增长
1．…add up to… 增加了
eg. The total amount of … added up to 14 billion pounds(14%) in 1994.
2． to jump to / to soar to.. 一跃达到/ 猛增到…
eg. The total working days lost soared to 10 million in 1979.
3．…an increase of about…percent as compared with.. 与…相比大约增加了…
eg. In August as many as 39 car accidents were reported, indicating an increase of about 79% as compared with the number of January.
4．…to experience an increase/incline …有了增长
eg. Tobacco consumption is experiencing an incline.
二．下降，减少
1．…to sink/drop/reduce to… 减少到…
eg. The rate of strikes sank/dropped to the lowest point in 1979.
2．…to experience a decrease/decline …有了减少
eg. Tobacco consumption is experiencing a decrease. 注意：
修饰上升/减少的副词有：
rapidly slowly dramatically respectively 表达上升/减少的最后状态的词有：
the highest peak the lowest point 10 million 10%
三．起伏
1．…to go up and down …起伏不定
eg. The strike rate went up and down during the period from 1952 to 1967.
2．There be ups and downs …有起有伏
eg. Between 1972 and 1979, there were several ups and downs in （某方面）.
四．稳定
1．…to remain steady/level/unchanged …保持稳定，几乎不变
eg. The rate of …remained steady (fairly level/almost unchanged) during the four years from 1963 to 1967.
2．…to level off (vi.)
eg. After a steady decline for a whole decade, the …rate shows signs of leveling off.
注意：
修饰起伏或稳定状态的副词有：
almost fairly 可以用于表达起伏，稳定状态的句子中的词组或句型：
the general situation was not worsening
show indications of improvement
it can be predicted that…
eg. The rate of …remained steady during the four years from 1963 to 1967,and it can be predicted that the general situation was not worsening.
eg. The rate of …remained steady during the four years from 1963 to 1967,showing signs of improvement in …
五．成正比，反比
1．…be in direct /inverse ratio to/with 与…成正比/反比
eg. Male illustrations are in direct ratio to /with the advancement of grades, while female illustrations are in inverse ratio.
六． 占百分之几，几分之几
1….to form/comprise/make up/constitute ….percent …占百分之…
eg. Women comprise more than 50% of the US.population.
eg. Females make up only 24% of the illustrations whereas males constitute 76%.
2．…to form/comprise/constitute a half/third/fourth of……占…的1/2,1/3,1/4
eg. Female illustrions form less than a fourth of the total.
3．…account for…percent 占百分之几
eg. ……, accounting for approximately 20 percent of…
七．倍数
1．A be …times as much/many as B
eg. The annual rainfall of Hunan is 5 times as much as that of Sichuan.
2．A doubles/is half/triples B A是B的两倍，一半，三倍
eg. The annual rainfall of Jidda doubles that of Janta, but is only half the amount of rain Kuwait receives each year.
附一：圆盘比例型图表例： 一个圆盘显示了大学生在food, books, transportations, entertainment, clothes, unknown中的开销，它们各自占的比例依次是60%,3%,5%,10%,10%,12%，要求你描叙这个圆盘图。 描述：
The above pie chart consists of 6 segments, the largest one representing food, which accounts for 60% of the total. Clothes and entertainment each takes up 10%. 5% goes to transportation and 3% books. All the rest expenses, 12% of all ,is spend on unknown items.
总结写作模式：
…pie chart consists of…segments, the largest one representing…,which accounts for …of the total.…each takes up….…goes to….All the rest…, …of all,……. .
八．原因结果
1….(结果)…, owing to (原因) [owing to 为分词结构]
2….(结果)…, attributable to（原因） [attributable to为形容词短语]
3….(结果) lie in the fact that（原因） [ 同位语从句 ]
4….（结果）result from（原因） [句型一般]
5. It is precisely because （原因）…that （导致结果）… [强调结构]
6. …, as a result, …（导致结果）… [as a result做插入语]
7. （原因）be responsible for（结果） [常见句型]
8. （原因），which in turn（结果）
eg. They give rise to unfair competition, which in turn throws original businesses into a commercial panic.
九．采取措施，提出建议
1. My suggestion to deal with/solve/relieve the problem are as follows. In the first place,…. Secondly,…. Finally,… [常见句型]
2. If we let the situation go as it is, …. By that time, …. 如果让这种情况继续发展下去，那么……。到那个时候，……。[比较好的句型]
3. More and more people are realizing the importance of…[进行时态， more and more比many好]
4. Great efforts/More measures/Due attention must be taken/paid to do …[ 被动语态，due attention 和be paid to 搭配]
5. If……, will there be anything that can make me even happier? 如果（我们怎么怎么做），那将没有比这令我更高兴的了。[条件句，反问句]
6. It is important/necessary/urgent/desirable(希望)/advisable(明智) for sb. to do sth. [It is …for …to do…句型]
7. enhance the awareness of people that…
8. The first nut for us to crack is… 我们首先要解决的是……。 [比The first thing we should do is … 句型 高级的多，精彩的多，生动的多]
9. ……as soon as possible [常见句型]
10. sth. be of the utmost importance [ be of n. 结构， 比sth. be much important好]
十．方式，比较
1. (Just) as …, so… 正如… [ 比较句型 ]
eg. Just as water is the most important of liquids, so air is the most important of gases.
2. in much the same way/manner that… 正如…, 和…一样
eg. The Americans spend Christmas Day in much the same way that the Europeans do.
十一．让步
1. now that …… 既然…… [让步从句]
eg. Now that the decision has been made, we must try our best to carry it out.
2. unless…not… [ 让步从句]
eg. It is a vicious cycle and unless you consider these social, economic and environmental problems in one context, you are not serious about meeting the challenges. [注意例句中的consider sth. in one context句型:把什么事情放在一起加以综合考虑]
十二．强调句
1. only [既是强调句,又是倒装句]
eg. Only in this way can you hope to improve the present situation.
2. It is …that…
eg. It is because he was too careless that he failed in the exam.
3. nothing but 只不过；只有…
eg. If what we have been striving for is nothing but pleasure-seeking, our nation will be deprived of the right to rise.(这里nothing but 可以去掉,不影响句意,但有了nothing but,就强调了后面的名词)
十三．假设
1. Supposing……, it is likely that…. 假设…, 那么很可能… [假设, 虚拟语态]
eg. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc. from an advertisement.
十四．反问
1. What else can …? ……..还能做什么呢?
eg. What else can the poor parents do but obey? 这些可怜的家长除了听从外还能做什么呢?
2. How could ……? 怎能….
eg. How could I put the English books aside to read pastime books?
十五． 比较
1. A is to B what X is to Y. A对于B 就象X对于Y
eg. Food is to man what oil is to machines.
2. ……more…, less…
eg. The closer to Christmas, the crazier they get; they become more agitated, less patient.
十六．否定
1. 双重否定
not uncommon = common 平常的,普通的
not unusual = usual 平常的，通常的
not inevitable=evitable 可以避免的
(尽量把要强调的普通的形容词改成双重否定, 为文章多增加亮点)
2. by no means 并没有;当然不
3. no longer/more 不再
eg. I am no longer that ignorant girl.
十七．程度
1. all the more 更加
eg. That makes London all the more fascinating, doesn’t it?
eg. It is all the more surprising therefore that…
2. more than 做副词, 意为 “多过…”, “比…以上”, “比…更”
eg. I am more than happy to hear from you.
3. more than you can… 远超过你…
eg. The situation is very abominable more than you can stand.环境非常恶劣,你无法忍受.
十八． 论相互关系
1. A have much(nothing) to do with B
2. A be closely related to B
3.A be directly bound up with B
4. a definite link between …and…
十九．直陈观点
1. more than…can 简直不,无法,难以…
eg. The beauty of the city is more than I can describe.
2. beyond description 无法描述
eg. The beauty of the city is beyond description.
3. There is no point(use) in doing… …是没有任何意义的.
4. The first nut for us to crack is … 我们首先要解决的问题是…
5. short-sighted policy 眼光短浅的政策
6. while ……with one hand, ……with the other. 当(我们)一方面…., 而另一方面…
eg. While money is eagerly collected in vast sums with one hand, it is paid out in increasingly vaster sums with the other.
7. far from 远离,远远不,非但不
eg. Far from taking exception(take exception:反对), no one is even mildly surprised.
8. be bound to
eg. Any discussion of this topic is bound to question the aims of education.
9. (or) vice-versa 反之亦然
10. sth. be measured in terms of … sth.用…来衡量
eg. “success” is measured in terms of freedom from insecurity.
11…. (现象)…, upon which views vary from person to person.
12.A be more essential to B. 对B来说, A是尤为关键重要的.
13.Distinguished scientific accomplishment is a matter of opportunity and of continuous and concentrated effort over long years. (很优美的句子,值得借鉴)
14. from the …point of view 从…角度来看
eg. From the health point of view 从健康的角度来看
15. ……must be rooted out in order to …. …必须根除以…
eg. Moral corruption must be rooted out in order to preserve the integrity of the state. 为了使国家健康发展,必须根除腐败.
16. …represent only the tip of the iceberg. …….只是冰山一角
eg. The most famous stars represent only the tip of the iceberg.
17. The rapid progress in science and technology has given a powerful shove-ahead to the productive forces of the world and the economic and social development of humanity. 科技的快速发展带给世界生产力和人类经济和社会的发展一个强劲的推动力(2001年****的七.一讲话).
18. ….stand tall and aim far, broaden one’s vision and give full play to one’s intelligenceׂ and wisdom on the broad arena of reform, opening-up and the modernization drive. 站的高看的远,开扩自己的视野,在改革开放和现代化建设的大舞台上充分发挥个人才智(2001年****的七.一讲话). (句中很多的词组都是作文中可以运用到的,比如改革开放:reform (and) opening-up等)
19….demonstrate the value of one’s life and work hard to achieve feats that will live up to the expectations of the people and the times. 证实自己的人生价值,努力的工作取得成就,而不辜负人民和时代的期望. (出处同上)
20.When asked about…, the overwhelming majority of people say that ….But other people think of … as…. / But I think quite differently. (对报刊上某一问题(已有不同的人发表了不同的观点)发表自己的观点)
21.It is generally believed/accepted/held that… 通常认为….
22 It is no denying the fact that…. 无可否认…
23….. , so…that…
eg. The river is very clear, so clear that you can see the fishes coming and going in it.
eg. Everything is covered with a thick layer of dust, so poisonous that all the grass, trees, vegetables and flowers gradually die.
二十．辨证分析
1. Just as the popular saying goes, “Every coin has two sides”. From one side,…. from the other side,…. 正如一个谚语所说的, “每个硬币都有两面(事物都是一分为二的)”.从一方面看….. 从另一方面来看….. 二
二十一．比喻，拟人
1. They are taken prisoners by fame and their achievements turn into a bar to further advance.
2. True and deep love of life is the spring from which flow courage, confidence and power.
二十二．副词
1. admittedly 应当承认:
Admittedly, a few governments have taken timid measures.
2. simply 简而言之:
The answer is simply money.
3. discreetly 小心谨慎地:
point out discreetly that…
4. conceivably 可以想象地:
Smoking may, conceivably, be harmful.
5. surely 肯定地:
This is surely the most short-sighted policy you could imagine.
6. eagerly 渴望地
7. increasingly 不断增长地
While money is eagerly collected in vast sums with one hand, it is paid out in increasingly vaster sums with the other.
8. honestly: 诚实地:
the government is honestly concerned about the welfare of its people政府真心实意地关心它的人民的福利
9. certainly: 当然地
As individuals we are certainly weak, but if …作为个人,我们当然是弱小的,但是如果…
一、开头句型
我们常说，良好的开端等于成功的一半。做事如此，作文也是如此。所以我们颇有必要在作文的开头花一番心思。
在写议论文时，你通常以什么样的方式开头呢？最简单也最常用的可能就是开门见山法。也就是说———直截了当地提出你对这个问题的观点，点出文章的中心思想。
I．．．．has both advantages and disadvantages．……既有利又有弊。例如：
1．Obviously television has both advantages and disadvantages．
2．Living in a city has both advantages and disadvantages．
3．Compared with cars，bikes have their advantages and disadvantages．
举一反三：
1．Although computers bring people a lot of convenience，they have many disadvantages．
2．．．．has many advantages．For example，．．．However，just as every coin has two sides，．．．has its disadvantages．（本例将利弊分开讲，转折过渡自然。just as every coin has two sides也很值得背诵。）
II．．．．play（s）an important role ／part in．．．……在……中扮演重要角色／起重要作用。例如：
1．Computers play an important role in science and technology．
2．Computers play a more and more important role in our life．
Computers play an increasingly important role in our studies．
3．Education plays an important part in developing our mind．
4．Addiction to alcohol and drugs play a role in homelessness．
举一反三：
1．Advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life．
2．In the past，letters played a decisive role in long-distance
communication．But now ，telephone，email，fax have taken their place．
III．With the development of．．．，随着……的发展，例如：
1．With the development of our economy，many Chinese families can afford a car．
2．With the development of our economy and society，pollution is more and more serious．
3．With the rapid development of science and technology，people can get a college degree by taking online-courses at home．
4．With the current social and technological developments，employees with more knowledge and higher academic degrees are needed．
举一反三：
1．With the rapid increase of China's population，housing problem is becoming more and more serious． 随着中国人口的急剧增加，住房问题越来越突出。
2．With more and more women entering society，people's attitude towards women is changing．随着越来越多的妇女走入社会，人们对妇女的态度也在改变。
3．With the deepening of Chinese reform and opening up，an increasing number of Chinese
families can afford a car．
随着中国改革开放的深入，越来越多的中国家庭买得起车了。（“越来越多”除了常用的more and more外，还可以用an increasing number of， a growing number of，a significant number of，a great number of等来表达。）
本结构看似固定，实则富于变化，只要记住with有“随着”的意思，相信大家可以根据实际的需要造出更多的句子。
我们已经看到，开门见山的开头使论文直切主题，直白明确地提出了论点。不过在讨论某些有争议性的问题时，就显得有欠缺，因为我们必须在文章的开头引出人们对要讨论的问题的不同看法，然后再表明自己的观点。下面就是专门针对争议性论文的一种句型。
IV．When it comes to．．．，some people think ／believe
that．．．，others argue ／claim that opposite ／reverse is true．There is probably
some truth in both arguments ／statements，but．．．当说到……，有些人认为……，但另一些人则持相反的观点……。这两种观点可能都有点道理，但……本结构先用when it comes to ．．．引出话题，再用some．．．others ．．．这个对立的结构引出了两种相反的观点，然后说There is some truth in both．．．表明严谨公正的态度，最后用but．．．很自然地引出了自己的论点。请看下面这个例子：
TV，a good thing or bad thing
When it comes to TV，some people believe that it is extremely valuable，as it provides relaxation， entertainment and education． Others argue that it is harmful for it begins to control our lives and deprives people of time to do other activities．There is probably some truth in both sides．But we must realize that television itself is neither good or bad．It is the uses to which it is put that determines its value to society．
二、结尾句型
英语议论文多以简要总结全文或对所讨论的问题提出解决办法来结尾。总结全文时除常用到in one ／a word，generally speaking等外，没有固定模式。提出解决办法时却常使用下一句型。
V．．．．take measures to do sth．例如：
1．We should take measures to control pollution in order to save the world．
2．We'd better take effective measures to prevent students from cheating on exams．
3．The government decided to take strong measures against drug abuse．
4．Urgent measures should be taken to prevent terrorists from carrying out further attacks．
本文列举了英语作文中常用的几个句型，当然不是要大家写出千篇一律的文章来，而是希望起到一种抛砖引玉的作用，提醒大家在学习中注意多总结，以使自己的写作水平更上一层楼。
考研短文写作常用句型和练习
“引言”段落中的常用句型：1．…is a very popular topic which is much talked about not only by …but also by …家庭人口多好还是家庭人口少好是一个非常通俗的主题，不仅是城里人，而且农民都经常谈论这个问题。Whether a large family is a good thing or not is a very popular topic which is often talked about not only by city residents but by farmers as well.2.There is no denying the fact that…无可否认，空气污染是一个极其严重的问题：城市当局应该采取有力措施来解决它。There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem: the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.
3.As is known to all,…众所周知，假冒伪劣商品损害了消费者的利益。As is known to all, fake and inferior commodities harm the interests of consumers.(=do a lot of harm to the interests of consumers)4.More and more people are realizing the importance of …现在越来越多的人认识到法制教育的重要性。为了维护社会治安，我们每人都应该接受法制教育。Today an increasing number of people have realized that law education is of great importance .In order to keep law and order, very one of us is supposed to get(=receive)a law education.5.From what I have mentioned above we can see clearly that…从上面我所提到的，我们可以清楚地看到，电视暴力对青少年的影响是极其深远的。From what I have mentioned above we can see clearly that violence on TV has (a) great influence on young adults’ behavior.(或 teenagers’ behavior 或 youngsters’ behavior)
“正文”段落中常用的句型：
1．There are some good reasons for…(分析原因)two possible人民生活状况的改善原因有两点。首先，我们一直在贯彻执行改革开放政策。其次，国民经济正在迅速发展，而且出生率已经得到控制。There are two reasons for the improvement in people’s living conditions. In the first place, we have been carrying out the reform and opening-up policy. Secondly, there has been a rapid expansion of our national economy .Further-more, the birth rate has been put under control.
2. My suggestions to deal with the problem are as follows. In the first place,… Secondly,…Finally… （提出建议）我对解决这个问题的建议如下。首先，迫在眉睫的是建立自然保护区。其次，有些濒临灭绝的珍稀野生动物应该收捕、人工喂养并繁殖。最后，对于捕猎珍稀野生动物的人必须严惩。My suggestions to deal with the problem are as follows .To begin with, it is urgent to create nature reserves. Secondly, certain rare wild animals that are going to be extinct should be collected, fed and reproduced artificially. Finally , those who hunter them must be punished severely.
3. Different people have different opinions on this question. Some people believe that … Others problem. matter. argue that… Still others assert that…（论述不同看法）人们对失败持有不同的态度。面对失败，有人能够经得起考验，从失败中汲取教训，并努力去完成他们下定决心要做的事情。然而，另一些人却丧失信心并退却了。People differ in their attitudes towards failure. Faced with it ,some of them can stand up to it .draw useful lessons from it and try hard to fulfill what they are determined to do. Others, however, lose heart and give in.
4.It is important (necessary, urgent紧急的, difficult, easy, expensive, desirable, advisable, convenient, comfortable)for sb. to do sth. （发表意见）人们希望建立更多的医院、购物中心、娱乐中心、电影院和其他公用设施来满足人民日益增长的需求。It is desirable to build more hospitals, shopping centers, recreation centers, cinemas and other public facilities to meet the growing needs of people.
5.As a popular saying goes “Everything has two sides.” (分析利弊)常言道：“事物总是一分为二的”。如今人们从科技发明中得到越来越多的好处。另一方面，科技进步也给我们带来了许多麻烦。现在许多国家的人民饱尝公害之苦。As a popular saying goes, “Everything has two sides.” Now people (the public)are benefiting more and more from scientific and technological inventions. On the other hand, the progress of science and technology is bringing us a lot of trouble. People in many countries are suffering from public hazards.
6.For example, … （举例阐述）For instance, …Let’s take …for example.就拿汽车为例。汽车不仅污染城市空气，而且使城市拥挤不堪。此外，汽车造成许多交通事故。汽车所产生的噪音使居住在街道两旁的居民日夜不得安宁。Les’s take cars for example. They not only pollute the air in cities, but make them crowed. Furthermore, they cause a lot of traffic accidents. (…, they are responsible for a lot of traffic accidents.) The noise made by cars disturbs the residents living on both sides of streets all day and night.
7.It is generally believed that …accepted （引证观点）普遍认为，在发达国家人口增长的主要原因与其说是出生率的上升，还不如说是由于医疗保健的改善的使死亡率下降了。It is generally believed (=thought) that the chief reason for the increase in population in developed countries is not so much the rise in birth rates as the decline in death rates as a result of the improvement in medical care.
8. …causes (produces, brings about, leads to, results in …)（因果关系）毫无疑问，需求的增长导致了价格的上涨。There is no doubt that the increase in demand causes(results in/leads to) the rise in prices.
