MySQL单机多实例部署的安装步骤（gz穿越火线单机版3.4）

1. 下载官方安装包

进入MySQL官网下载页面

https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/

选择需要的版本，这里我们选择：5.7.36，Linux通用，64位。如下所示：

下载完成后将文件传输到linux服务器，准备开始安装

#2. 安装MySQL

注意：

本文安装步骤基于RedHat7/CentOS7，并可适用于Debian、Ubuntu等操作系统。
本文安装步骤基于3306端口，如果你想使用其他端口启动，手工把端口改为3307即可。

#2.1. 创建目录

#建立MySQL二进制包目录 mkdir -p /servers/packages/mysql5.7.39 #建立MySQL实例相关目录 mkdir -p /servers/data/mysql/3306/log mkdir -p /servers/data/mysql/3306/binlog mkdir -p /servers/data/mysql/3306/iblog mkdir -p /servers/data/mysql/3306/tmpdir mkdir -p /servers/data/mysql/3306/ibdata mkdir -p /servers/data/mysql/3306/run/ chmod 755 /servers/data/mysql#2.2. 解压安装包

tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz mv mysql-5.7.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/* /servers/packages/mysql5.7.39#2.3. 建立mysql用户并授权

groupadd mysql useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql mysql chown -R mysql.mysql /servers/data/mysql#2.4 写初始化配置文件

#写初始配置文件 cat > /servers/data/mysql/3306/auto.cnf << EOF [mysql] prompt=\\u@\\v \\d \\r:\\m:\\s> default-character-set=utf8mb4 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 512M [mysqld] # 目录、端口根据实际情况调整 port = 3306 socket = /servers/data/mysql/3306/run/mysqld.sock datadir = /servers/data/mysql/3306/data pid_file = /servers/data/mysql/3306/run/mysqld.pid log_error = /servers/data/mysql/3306/log/mysqld-err.log log_bin = /servers/data/mysql/3306/binlog/mysql-bin relay_log = /servers/data/mysql/3306/binlog/mysqld-relay-bin innodb_log_group_home_dir = /servers/data/mysql/3306/iblog tmpdir = /servers/data/mysql/3306/tmpdir innodb_data_home_dir = /servers/data/mysql/3306/ibdata slow_query_log_file = /servers/data/mysql/3306/log/mysqld-slow.log innodb_undo_directory = /servers/data/mysql/3306/iblog # 每个实例的server_id需要不同 server_id = 10001 # 是否区分大小写 lower_case_table_names = 1 # 字符集及排序规则 collation_server = utf8mb4_bin character_set_server = utf8mb4 # 隔离级别 transaction-isolation = READ-COMMITTED # size调整为${MEM} , instance根据size调整，保证每个instance最少1G innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1500M innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 1 # 读写线程调整为${CPU/2} innodb_read_io_threads = 4 innodb_write_io_threads = 4 # 调整为${CPU} ，若你的机器MySQL专用，则调整为 0 innodb_thread_concurrency = 0 bind_address = 0.0.0.0 user = mysql skip_external_locking # 跳过域名解析 skip_name_resolve # 连接相关参数 max_connections = 3000 max_user_connections = 0 max_connect_errors = 2000 # innodb innodb_strict_mode = 1 innodb_buffer_pool_dump_at_shutdown = 0 innodb_buffer_pool_load_at_startup = 0 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 20 innodb_sort_buffer_size = 1048576 innodb_stats_persistent_sample_pages = 64 innodb_online_alter_log_max_size = 4G innodb_rollback_on_timeout = 1 innodb_page_cleaners = 8 innodb_undo_log_truncate = 1 innodb_sync_spin_loops = 30 innodb_spin_wait_delay = 6 innodb_autoinc_lock_mode = 2 innodb_monitor_enable = all innodb_fill_factor = 70 innodb_flush_neighbors = 0 innodb_io_capacity = 10000 innodb_thread_sleep_delay = 5000 innodb_adaptive_max_sleep_delay = 100000 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 70 innodb_max_purge_lag = 500000 innodb_purge_batch_size = 1000 innodb_adaptive_hash_index_parts = 16 innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:2G:autoextend innodb_large_prefix = 1 innodb_stats_auto_recalc = 1 innodb_stats_persistent = 1 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 innodb_buffer_pool_chunk_size = 32M innodb_undo_tablespaces = 4 innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT innodb_log_compressed_pages = 0 innodb_print_all_deadlocks = 1 innodb_purge_threads = 16 innodb_sync_array_size = 64 innodb_open_files = 64535 innodb_log_file_size = 1024M # replication binlog_format = row binlog_cache_size = 32768 max_binlog_size = 512M max_binlog_cache_size = 4G expire_logs_days = 10 log_slave_updates = 1 slave_parallel_type = logical_clock slave_parallel_workers = 64 slave_pending_jobs_size_max = 512M enforce_gtid_consistency = 1 master_info_repository = table relay_log_info_repository = table slave_net_timeout = 60 relay_log_recovery = 1 sync_binlog = 1 master_verify_checksum = 1 sync_master_info = 0 sync_relay_log = 0 sync_relay_log_info = 0 slave_rows_search_algorithms = "INDEX_SCAN,HASH_SCAN" slave_skip_errors = 1397 table_open_cache = 20480 table_definition_cache = 10240 table_open_cache_instances = 32 open_files_limit = 655340 slow_query_log = 1 long_query_time = 0.1 lock_wait_timeout = 60 thread_stack = 192K disabled_storage_engines = "MyISAM" bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M performance_schema = 1 max_allowed_packet = 512M innodb_log_buffer_size = 256M max_prepared_stmt_count = 200000 gtid_mode = 1 log_timestamps = SYSTEM thread_cache_size = 8 log_bin_trust_function_creators = 1 log_statements_unsafe_for_binlog = 0 max_heap_table_size = 33554432 max_relay_log_size = 104857600 metadata_locks_hash_instances = 128 tmp_table_size = 33554432 default_storage_engine = innodb default_tmp_storage_engine = InnoDB join_buffer_size = 2097152 read_rnd_buffer_size = 2097152 sort_buffer_size = 2097152 read_buffer_size = 2097152 innodb_log_files_in_group = 4 innodb_doublewrite = 1 innodb_lru_scan_depth = 1024 sync_frm = 1 query_alloc_block_size = 16384 query_cache_size = 0 query_prealloc_size = 24576 sql_mode = "NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLE" local_infile = 0 secure_auth = 1 default_time_zone = SYSTEM secure_file_priv = "" skip_ssl = 1 read_only = 0 interactive_timeout = 28800 wait_timeout = 28800 connect_timeout = 10 query_cache_type = 0 log_queries_not_using_indexes = 0 log_slow_admin_statements = 1 log_slow_slave_statements = 1 log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes = 10 auto_increment_increment = 1 auto_increment_offset = 1 back_log = 1024 EOF chown -R mysql.mysql /servers/data/mysql

注：最后这步 chown 授权不要漏掉。不然初始化会报错。

#2.5. 初始化MySQL实例

echo "export PATH=$PATH:/servers/packages/mysql5.7.39/bin/" >> /etc/profile source /etc/profile mysqld --defaults-file=/servers/data/mysql/3306/auto.cnf --initialize --basedir=/servers/packages/mysql5.7.39

注：

1). 初始化若报错error while loading shared libraries: libnuma.so.1 执行 yum -y install numactl

2). 初始化若报错error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1

执行 yum -y install libaio*

3). 初始化完成的密码会输出到/servers/data/mysql/3306/log/mysqld-err.log

#2.6. 修改MySQL启动文件

# 复制启动文件 cp -a /servers/packages/mysql5.7.39/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/my3306.server # 编辑启动文件 vim /etc/init.d/my3306.server # 修改如下几行：（下面的#代表原来文件中的内容，不带#的代表要修改成为的内容，如果你的端口是3307，则也需要把限免的3306改为3307） # basedir= basedir=/servers/packages/mysql5.7.39 # datadir= datadir=/servers/data/mysql/3306/data # mysqld_pid_file_path= mysqld_pid_file_path=/servers/data/mysql/3306/run/mysqld.pid # $bindir/mysqld_safe --datadir="$datadir" --pid-file="$mysqld_pid_file_path" $other_args >/dev/null & $bindir/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/servers/data/mysql/3306/auto.cnf >/dev/null &#2.7. 启动MySQL

#启动 /etc/init.d/my3306.server start#2.8. 修改初始化密码，添加新用户

# 连接mysql，此步骤需要2.5章节生成的密码 mysql -uroot -p -S /servers/data/mysql/3306/run/mysqld.sock # 连接成功后重置密码，不然无法操作 set password for root@'localhost' = PASSWORD("root"); # 添加新用户 grant all on *.* to mysql@'127.0.0.1' identified by "mysql" with grant option; flush privileges; quit # 测试新用户 mysql -umysql -pmysql -h127.0.0.1

注：本步骤若报错：mysql: error while loading shared libraries: libncurses.so.5: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory。

则需要执行：

ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libncurses.so.6 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libncurses.so.5 ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libtinfo.so.6 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libtinfo.so.5#3. 总结

本文描述的安装方式不同于rpm或者deb包直接安装，此种安装方式可以自定义数据库数据、日志目录，以及能够在同一台物理服务器中启动多个MySQL实例（在生产环境中比较建议一台服务器部署多个MySQL实例）。

本次安装到此结束了，有什么问题欢迎评论留言，我会及时答复。

后续也会发布更多关于MySQL的技术文档，如果这篇对你有帮助，希望能赞同关注。

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