再谈毛星火起诉莫言：关于莫言颁奖词和莫言的一些“黑料”（五）（With Heroes）

先重复一下我的观点。

我反复强调：要评价一个事物，先要对这个事物有初步的了解。

对于自己完全不了解的东西，跟风评论，难免被讥为“一犬吠影，百犬吠声”。

前文中已经简单叙述了莫言的生平和主要作品。

有网友提醒，我应该把莫言的颁奖词和莫言被开除军籍的事情也讲出来。

我很赞赏这种观点，至少我们讨论的是有事实依据的东西，而不是纯粹的人身攻击。

按照他的建议，我收集了一下相关的资料，如有纰漏或错误，请大家补充、斧正。

诺奖的颁奖词及莫言的领奖词

如何解读这段颁奖词是各位读者自己的判断。

我既不引导大家批评，也不鼓励大家支持，仅帮助大家收集资料，供各位读者自行评说。

我坚持认为，你既然要批评或者支持某个事情，某个人，你至少应该对他有初步的了解。

颁奖词全文如下：

瑞典文学院诺奖委员会主席瓦斯特伯格：

Award Ceremony Speech
Presentation Speech by Per Wstberg, Writer, Member of the Swedish Academy, Chairman of the Nobel Committee, 10 December 2012.
第 5 页
Your Majesties, Your Royal Highnesses, Esteemed Nobel Laureates, Ladies and Gentlemen,
Mo Yan is a poet who tears down stereotypical propaganda posters, elevating the individual from an anonymous human mass. Using ridicule and sarcasm Mo Yan attacks history and its falsifications as well as deprivation and political hypocrisy. Playfully and with ill-disguised delight, he reveals the murkiest aspects of human existence, almost inadvertently finding images of strong symbolic weight.
North-eastern Gaomi county embodies China’s folk tales and history. Few real journeys can surpass these to a realm where
第 6 页
the clamour of donkeys and pigs drowns out
the voices of the people’s commissars and where both love and evil assume supernatural proportions.
Mo Yan’s imagination soars across the entire human existence. He is a wonderful portrayer of nature; he knows virtually all there is to know about hunger, and the brutality of China’s 20th century has probably never been described so nakedly, with heroes, lovers, torturers, bandits –and especially, strong, indomitable mothers. He shows us a world without truth, common sense or compassion, a world where people are reckless, helpless and absurd.
第 7 页
Proof of this misery is the cannibalism that recurs in China’s history. In Mo Yan, it stands for unrestrained consumption, excess, rubbish, carnal pleasures and the indescribable desires that only he can attempt to elucidate beyond all tabooed limitations.
In his novel Republic of Wine, the most exquisite of delicacies is a roasted three-year-old. Boys have become exclusive foodstuff. The girls, neglected, survive. The irony is directed at China’s family policy, because of which female foetuses are aborted on an astronomic scale: girls aren’t even good enough to eat. Mo Yan has written an entire novel, Frog, about this.
第 8 页
Mo Yan’s stories have mythical and allegorical pretensions and turn all values on their heads. We never meet that ideal citizen who was a standard feature in Mao’s China. Mo Yan’s characters bubble with vitality and take even the most amoral steps and measures to fulfil their lives and burst the cages they have been confined in by fate and politics.
Instead of communism’s poster-happy history, Mo Yan describes a past that, with his exaggerations, parodies and derivations from myths and folk tales, is a convincing and scathing revision of fifty years of propaganda.
In his most remarkable novel, Big Breasts an
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d Wide Hips, where a female perspective dominates, Mo Yan describes the Great Leap Forward and the Great Famine of 1960 in stinging detail. He mocks the revolutionary pseudo-science that tried to inseminate sheep with rabbit sperm, all the while dismissing doubters as right-wing elements. The novel ends with the new capitalism of the ‘90s with fraudsters becoming rich on beauty products and trying to produce a Phoenix through cross-fertilisation.
In Mo Yan, a forgotten peasant world arises, alive and well, before our eyes, sensually scented even in its most pungent vapours, startlingly merciless but tinged by joyful selflessness. Never a dull moment. The auth
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or knows everything and can describe everything –all kinds of handicraft, smithery, construction, ditch-digging, animal husbandry, the tricks of guerrilla bands. He seems to carry all human life on the tip of his pen.
He is more hilarious and more appalling than most in the wake of Rabelais and Swift — in our time, in the wake of Garcia Marquez. His spice blend is a peppery one. On his broad tapestry of China’s last hundred years, there are neither dancing unicorns nor ski ppi ng maidens. But he paints life in a pigsty in such a way that we feel we have been there far too long. Ideologies and reform movements may come and go but human eg
第 11 页
oism and greed remain. So Mo Yan defends small individuals against all injustices –from Japanese occupation to Maoist terror and today’s production frenzy.
For those who venture to Mo Yan’s home district, where bountiful virtue battles the vilest cruelty, a staggering literary adventure awaits. Has ever such an epic spring flood engulfed China and the rest of the world? In Mo Yan’s work, world literature speaks with a voice that drowns out most contemporaries.
The Swedish Academy congratulates you. I call on you to accept the 2012 Nobel Prize for Literature from the hand of His Majesty the King.

莫言答词如下：

尊敬的国王陛下、王后陛下，女士们、先生们：
我，一个来自遥远的中国山东高密东北乡的农民的儿子，站在这个举世瞩目的殿堂上，领取了诺贝尔文学奖，这很像一个童话，但却是不容置疑的现实。
获奖后一个多月的经历，使我认识到了诺贝尔文学奖巨大的影响和不可撼动的尊严。我一直在冷眼旁观着这段时间发生的一切，这是一个千载难逢的认识人世的机会，更是一个认清自我的机会。
我深知世界上有许多作家有资格，甚至比我更有资格获得这个奖项；我相信，只要他们坚写下去，只要他们相信文学是人的光荣，也是上帝赋予人的权利，那么，“他必将华冠加在你的头上，把荣冕交给你。”《圣经·箴言·第四章》。
我深知，文学对世界上的政治纷争、经济危机影响甚微，但是文学对人的影响却是源远流长。
有文学时，也许我们认识不到它的重要，但如果没有文学，人的生活便会粗鄙野蛮。因此我为自己的职业感到光荣也感到沉重。
借此机会，我要向坚定地坚持自己信念的瑞典学院院士们表示崇高的敬意。我相信，除了文学，没有任何能够打动你们的理由。

有人认为这段颁奖词是侮辱中国人。

也有人认为这段颁奖词完全没问题。

大家各有各的观点，都可以讨论，大家各自有各自的意见，不一定要说服谁。

至少我们现在都看过原文，在讨论问题上，进了一步。

需要补充的信息是：这段颁奖词是诺贝尔文学奖颁奖词中最长的之一（也可能没有之一，就是最长的）。

诺贝尔文学奖的评选过程、评选依据，以及相关的投票过程和票数，全都是保密的。

保密期限是50年，也就是到2062年。到时候解密了，就可以明确知道，评选委员会的主观意愿是什么。他们评选莫言是不是真的为了抹黑中国人，以及他们的颁奖词是不是故意污蔑中国人。

在解密之前，大家都只能根据各种信息加以推断和猜测。

以前湖南乡下打招呼的土话，不是说“早上好”“晚上好”，而是说“你吃饭是吗”。

你走在路上遇到一个熟人，对方会问你“你吃饭了吗”，你可以根据这个人与你的关系，把这句问候理解为打招呼，也可以理解为关心你，还可以理解为嘲笑你没饭吃。

话是同样一句，怎么理解，在听者。

但，你不能强迫别人，理解必须跟你一致。