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今天小编为大家带来《双边道德风险下软件供应链信息安全责任协调契约设计》问题描述与模型假设介绍。
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本期推文阅读时长大约5分钟，请您耐心阅读。
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increase knowledge, and leave beautiful.
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This is the LearingYard Academy!
Today I bring you Introduction to the Problem Description and Model Assumptions of "Design of Software Supply Chain information Security Responsibility Coordination Contract under bilateral Moral Hazard.
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The reading time of this tweet is about 5 minutes, please read it with patience.
内容摘要
本期推文将本期推文将通过思维导图，精读内容，知识补充三个板块，复刻来自于中国管理科学期刊的期刊论文《双边道德风险下软件供应链信息安全责任协调契约设计》，在此次推文中，小编将介绍问题描述与模型假设部分。
This tweet will This tweet will replicate the journal paper "Design of Software Supply Chain Information Security Responsibility Coordination Contract under Bilateral Moral Risk" from the Chinese Journal of Management Science through three sections of mind map, intensive reading content, and knowledge supplement. In this tweet, I will introduce the problem description and model assumption part.
思维导图
问题描述与模型假设思维导图如下：
The problem description and model hypothesis mind map is as follows.
精读内容
问题描述与模型假设
作者将研究因素转化为参数，分别建立了软件供应商所付出的成本模型、软件用户的安全防护成本模型、软件安全水平模型、信息安全损失模型。为下文研究问题打下基础，小编也在mathematics中输出了相关参数，以便未来复刻论文模型过程中使用（由于mathematics中C代表常数，故使用B代替C设置参数）。
Problem description and model assumptions
The authors transformed the research factors into parameters and built a model of the cost paid by software vendors, a model of the cost of security protection for software users, a model of the level of software security, and a model of the loss of information security, respectively. To lay the foundation for the research problem below, the authors also output the relevant parameters in MATHEMATICS for future use in the process of replicating the paper model (since C represents a constant in MATHEMATICS, B is used instead of C to set the parameters).
知识补充
什么是供应链风险以及风险种类？
供应链系统是一个复杂的系统，其风险是很难界定的，不同学者从不同的角度来定义。
国外学者对供应链风险的研究是从研究供应风险开始的，有学者认为是由各成员企业中的员工的教育层次、国别等因素的不同及供应市场的特征（如市场结构的稳定性、市场利率的变化等）影响供应的不足而带来的风险。还有学者将供应风险定义为“供应的不及时而导致货物和服务质量的降低"。
国内学者将供应链的风险分为关系风险和绩效风险。他们认为，关系风险主要指供应链企业间缺乏必要的沟通造成相互信任的缺乏而产生的风险，绩效风险则指与合作情况无关的所有能够导致供应链整体失败或损失增加的危险。
供应链风险种类分为可控制和不可控制的风险，不可控制的风险如恐怖主义行为、严重的劳工停工、自然灾害等，可控制的风险如供应商资格、来源方的产品和服务等。也将供应链风险分为内生风险和外生风险两大类，内生风险产生于道德风险、信息扭曲和个体理性，外生风险主要来源于政治、经济、法律和技术等方面。
What is supply chain risk and the types of risk?
Supply chain system is a complex system and its risk is difficult to define, and different scholars define it from different perspectives.
Some scholars believe that the risk is caused by the different education level and country of the employees in each member company and the characteristics of the supply market (such as the stability of the market structure, changes in market interest rates, etc.), which affect the shortage of supply. Other scholars define supply risk as "a decrease in the quality of goods and services due to the untimely supply".
Domestic scholars divide the risk of supply chain into relationship risk and performance risk. They believe that relationship risk refers to the risk arising from the lack of mutual trust caused by the lack of necessary communication among supply chain companies, while performance risk refers to all hazards that can lead to the overall failure or increase of losses in the supply chain, unrelated to the cooperation situation.
The types of supply chain risks are divided into controllable and uncontrollable risks, uncontrollable risks such as acts of terrorism, severe labor stoppages, natural disasters, etc. and controllable risks such as supplier qualifications, products and services of the source, etc. Supply chain risks are also divided into two categories: endogenous risks, which arise from moral hazard, information distortion and individual rationality, and exogenous risks, which mainly originate from political, economic, legal and technological aspects.
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let us meet tomorrow.
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参考资料：DeepL翻译，知乎，百度百科
参考文献：[1]熊强,练帅,李治文,金帅.双边道德风险下软件供应链信息安全责任协调契约设计[J/OL].中国管理科学:1-11[2022-11-05].
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