高中英语语法 之 分词介词的讲解与练习
一、分词介词
分词介词是介词的一种，它是由过去分词或现在分词构成的介词。例如，"concluding"、"regarding"、"given"等都是分词介词。它通常放在名词前面，用来表示名词、代词或相当于名词的词、短语或从句与其他成分的关系。分词介词的特点是它们通常由一个分词构成，用于表达特定的意义或语法结构。
英语中常见的分词介词有16个，分别列举如下：
1.excluding 除.....之外；不包括
e.g.There are 3000 people in the school, excluding teachers.
2.touching 关于；至于
e.g.He asked many questions touching my family.
3.including /included 包括
e.g. These travellers are mainly teachers, including 6 professors/ 6 professors included.
4.concerning 就......而言；关于；涉及
e.g.Concerning your letter, I am pleased to inform you that your plans are acceptable to us.
5.regarding 就...而言；关于；论及
e.g.We have known nothing regarding that matter.
6.respecting 关于；至于
e.g.I was at a loss respecting his whereabouts.
7.considering 就......而论；照说来
e.g.Considering the rate at which planets from, perhaps one with conditions suitable for life forms in our galaxy each year.
8.excepting 除......之外（一般放在句末，或置于not, without, always之后）
e.g.All his children have gone shopping with his wife excepting one.
9.failing 如果没有；如果在......中失败
e.g.Failing instructions, I did what I thought best.
10.wanting 缺；缺少
e.g.Wanting courage, victory is impossible.
11.saving 除......之外（现在多用save）
e.g.I could call her nothing in my own mind saving / save sister.
12.notwithstanding 虽然；尽管仍（正式用语，常见于公文中）
e.g.Notwithstanding an unusual flow of company, the master of the wine-shop not visible.
13.following 在...以后
e.g.Following the conference, the methods were put into use on a large scale.
14.pending 在......以前；在......期间
e.g.Maximum sentence was handed down but the defendants were eventually bailed pending the appeal.
15.given 如果考虑到；假定
e.g.Given their inexperience, they have done a good job.
16.barring 除......之外；不包括；除非
e.g.Barring a delay, the train will arrive in Shanghai at 6:30pm.
二、分词介词和分词的区别
1.分词介词属于介词范畴，分词介词后面可以加名词、代词或者相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句作其宾语，构成介词短语结构，才能担当某个句子成分，表示该名词或代词与句子其他成分之间的关系。
2.分词是非谓语动词的一种形式，可以有自己的宾语。分词包括现在分词和过去分词。现在分词通常表示主动和进行的状态，而过去分词则表示被动和完成的状态。分词在句中可以作状语、定语、表语、宾语补足语和插入语，其使用需要注意时态和语态的一致性。
跟踪练习
1.What is badly needed now, _____ the local government, are tents, which are very helpful to the people in the disaster areas.
2.She’s very active, _____ her age.
3._____ accidents, we should arrive on time.
4.The source of meat for much of this region _____ Japan has traditionally been the pig.
5.Asking a friend to recommend a doctor or, _____ that, ask for a list in your local library.
6.He took charge of the family business _____ his father’s death.
7._____ her interest in children, teaching seems the right job for her.
8.I’ve got three days’ holiday _____ New Year’s Day.
9.He was released on bail _____ further inquiries.
10.She has said nothing _____ your request.
11.Tell us information _____ the child’s whereabouts.
12.He addressed them _____ future plans.
13._____ mutual trust friendship is impossible.
14.There are six persons in the classroom, _____ me.
答案
1.according to 2.considering 3.Barring 4.excepting 5.failing 6.following 7.Given 8.including
9.pending 10.regarding 11.respecting 12.touching 13.Wanting 14.including
