前言
丹系猪以高产著名于世，但由于猪场建设、饲养管理等诸多方面的挑战，让丹系猪在中国的生产性能未能达到预期，但丹系种猪在中国养猪业的受青睐程度仍越来越高。猪译馆特收集整理了一系列丹育相关资料，目前正在转载当时丹麦养猪研究中心制作的《丹系猪饲喂管理指南》，敬请关注。
译者的话
丹系猪的精准饲喂管理是丹系猪高产、稳产和获得最大经济效益的前提。顺便推荐给学习专业英语的爱好者，这是不可多得的学习资料。这也是一份做猪场操作标准流程SOP的很好的资料。
仔猪的饲养
FEEDING OF PIGLETS
必须确保新生仔猪出生后很快吃上初乳，并哺乳至少 三周，因为初乳中含有抵抗猪群中存在病原的抗体。 研究表明仔猪在出生后12小时必须待在母猪身边，母 猪初乳能满足18头新生仔猪的需要量。
It has to be ensured that new-born piglets get colostrum immediately after farrowing and for three weeks, because colostrum contains antibodies against the diseases that may exist in the herd. Research shows that it is important to leave the piglets with the sow for a minimum of 12 hours after birth. There will be enough colostrum for the first 18 live born piglets. .
仔猪断奶前应该饲喂教槽料，目的是刺激消化酶的分 泌并获得最佳的生长速度。尽管窝产仔数高的母猪也 能分泌足够的乳汁以满足整窝仔猪14日龄前的生长潜 力，但哺乳期投喂教槽料能使仔猪获得更大的断奶体重
Before weaning the piglets should have access to feed i.a. in order to stimulate the production of enzymes and to obtain optimum growth. Sows with large litters can produce enough milk to support the growth potential of the litter up to the age of 14 days post partum. Creep feed during the remaining part of the suckling period enables the piglets to obtain a larger weaning weight.
影响仔猪的饲料转化率的重要因素有饲料的适口性、 组成成分和新鲜度。哺乳仔猪饲喂相对简单组分的饲 料较好，因为哺乳仔猪的健康原因，建议不要饲喂完 全基于谷物和豆粕的饲料。
The taste, structure and freshness of the feed are important factors for the feed conversion of the piglets. Piglets may have good production results with a feed with a very simple composition, but because of the health of the piglets it is not recommended to use feed that is based entirely on grain and soy meal.
前面几页已经列出了许多满足潜在生产性能的营养需 要。然而，一些饲料成分含有抗营养因子，这将引起 生长减缓，或损害肠道健康，尤其对仔猪而言。这些 抗营养因子主要在蛋白原料中。
A lot have been listed in the previous pages are requirement of nutrients to meet potential animal performance. There are, however some feed ingredients that contains anti nutrients which will cause reduction in growth and or jeopardise gut health, especially for piglets. These are primarily among the protein sources.
油菜籽和油菜粕含有大量难消化的粗纤维，并引起腹 泻。土豆蛋白粉中有龙葵碱，这种物质尝起来苦涩， 若过量使用会降低采食量，市场上不同产品存在着差异。
Rape seed and rape seed meal contains a high crude fifibre fraction which is indigestible and will cause diarrhoea. Potato protein concentrate contains Solanin which tastes bitter and can reduce voluntary feed intake if used in excess although there are variation between products in the market.
鱼粉通常在仔猪料中使用，含有较高的可消化氨基酸 和良好的氨基酸组成。仔猪料中鱼粉含量需低于 10%，超出将降低采食量。同时，需要考虑到鱼粉的 化学组成，消化率，非蛋白氮含量的变化和微生物质量。
Fish meal is commonly used in piglet feeds and has a good reputation for its highly digestible amino acid content and good amino acid composition. Limitation on fifish meal inclusion in piglet feeds lies around 10 % after which feed intake is depressed. Also it should be considered that Fish meal comes with a huge variation in chemical composition, digestibility, non protein nitrogen (NPN) content and microbiological quality.
最常见的猪和仔猪饲料原料是大豆产品。大量可应用 于仔猪饲料的大豆产品中的营养成分、抗营养因子均 差异巨大。参见表11.
The most common raw material in feeds for pigs and also piglets are soy based products. The nutrients, anti nutritional factors (ANF) and subsequent value to the animals varies enormously within the large number of available soy based products for piglet diets. See Table 11.
表11:大豆产品中的抗营养因子
Table 11: ANF’s in Soy products
无腹泻问题的猪群，断奶仔猪饲喂简单组分日粮。表12说明了使用简单组分日粮方法。
Herds without problems of diarrhoea in weaned pigs may use a simple feed mix for the piglets. Guidelines for the use of simple feed mixes appear from Table 12.
表12:简单组分日粮的配置原则
Table 12: Guidelines for the use of simple feed mixes.
在猪群断奶后两周内出现腹泻问题时，可使用低蛋白 教槽料以期改善仔猪的健康状况。但要谨慎使用低蛋 白教槽料，不要因此降低了生长速度。表13为低蛋白 教槽料的使用方法。
Herds with diarrhoea problems in weaned pigs may use a protective mix as starter feed (in the fifirst 2 weeks) after weaning in order to improve the health of the pigs. However, protective mixes should be used with care in order not to reduce the production results, as they have a lower content of protein and energy. Guidelines for the use of protective mixes appear from Table 13.
表13:使用低蛋白仔猪料的基本原则（存在腹泻的猪群）
Table 13: Guidelines for the use of protective mixes (in case of diarrhoea)
为了保持较好的生产性能并且保持较低肠道疾病的风 险，可选择第三种方法。这意味着应该满足下表中的 要求，但需仔细选择原料。只有具有高消化性，低抗 营养因子的原料才能使用。此配方应注重低粗蛋白含 量和低酸缓冲能力。
A third approach can be chosen where the aim is to keep performance up but with a low risk of gut health problems. This means that the shown requirements should be observed but the ingredients carefully selected. Only highly digestible ingredients with as few anti nutritional factors as possible should be used. The formulation should aim at low crude protein content and a low acid buffffering capacity.
表14:使用最佳日粮的基本原则
Table 14: Guidelines for the use of optimal diets:
仔猪日粮应避免饲喂以下原料：黑麦、菜粕、向日葵 粕、甜菜渣、全脂大豆和豌豆。
The following raw materials should be avoided in the feed for piglets: rye, rape products, sunflflower meal, sugar beet pellets full fat soy and peas.
仔猪断奶后前2周内，对其采取限制饲喂，可减少断 奶仔猪腹泻的发生。避免仔猪采食量和能量不足，断 奶后最初的3-4天内，建议不要过度限制饲喂。
The prevalence of post-weaning diarrhoea may be reduced by feeding the pigs restrictively in the fifirst 2 weeks. To avoid limited intake of nourishment and energy (for the intestines) it is a good idea not to feed restrictively in the fifirst 3-4 days.
在哺乳仔猪阶段突然更换或多次更换日粮容易导致腹 泻，因此，逐步更换饲料（譬如一周换完）非常重 要。这些日粮在原料组成或营养成分上无太大差异。 逐渐，平稳地更换饲料。
Diarrhoea may occur if the feed mix is changed once or several times during the piglet period. Therefore, it is important that the shift to the new mix takes place gradually during approx. one week. The diets should not vary too much in raw material composition or in nutrient composition. Make changes gradually and smooth.
未完待续……
To be continued…
